sailboat racing ratings

• PHRF racing
• PHRF current ratings

Current Ratings

How Racing Rating Rules Work (and how to maximize yours)

February 25, 2021

Racing ratings can seem confusing and overwhelming. Our team at Quantum is here to help you understand how ratings work, decipher the various systems, and help you maximize your ratings to ensure your best shot at the podium. Our sail designers have outlined a few key elements about ratings. Understanding them can help you get the most out of your racing rating.

Rating rules are a powerful tool that allows a variety of yachts to compete on a level playing field. If you race a tortoise against a hare (assuming the hare is smart enough not to take a nap in the middle of the race), the hare will always win. Not really a fair match-up. The same goes for non-one design racing. Being the first yacht over the finish line, while impressive, does not necessarily mean you sailed the best race comparatively. Therefore, rating rules come into play. It is important to understand how they work so you can work with your sailmaker and other specialists to optimize your program and level the playing field, so your crew’s talent shines.

There are four main rating rules: Performance Handicap Racing Fleet (PHRF), International Racing Conference (IRC), Offshore Racing Congress (ORC), and Offshore Racing Rule (ORR). We will give a brief overview of how each rating rule assigns a rating, why it is important to your program, and how Quantum can help make sure you have the best rating possible. While there are other rating systems, these are the four we focus on in this article.

The Rating Rules

In general, rating systems assign a value to a yacht or a particular yacht setup. This number is then used to correct finish times after each race. With all four rules, the most common way to score a race is to use a time-on-time (TOT) or a time-on-distance (TOD) correction. TOT corrections consider how long it takes to race; the TOD formula looks at the distance of the race. However, ORC and ORR ratings consider additional factors and have some flexibility for a custom correction formula.

PHRF is a simple handicap system, similar to the system used in golf. Considering the type of yacht, an assumed sail plan, and the team’s performance, a corrected-time handicap factor is assigned to the team. Races under PHRF rules correct times using TOD or TOT.

The other three rating rules are a bit more complicated. These rules use formulas to assign a rating to each yacht based on the yacht’s dimensions, construction, and design features. The formulas for IRC and ORR are closely guarded secrets; however, it is still possible for sailmakers, yacht builders, and other specialists to understand how various factors affect the rating. ORC has two categories of classification, ORC International and ORC Club. In this article and for most applications, we refer mostly to ORC-International rating that requires a measurement performed by an official and certified measurer. ORC has a published formula that gives designers information to analyze and data to work from.

IRC looks at several yacht elements from sail size to weight and beam. It compares yachts as a percentage and then assigns the yacht a rating that is corrected using TOT.

ORC and ORR take their rating system to the next level by using complex formulas to predict the speed of the yacht with a given setup. These formulas are often referred to as Velocity Prediction Programs (VPP). There are a few ways these ratings can be used to score a race, including TOT, TOD, and performance curve scoring.

What Goes Into a Rating?

A large amount of data is plugged into IRC, ORC, and ORR proprietary formulas that generate ratings for various conditions and situations. For example, an ORR certificate has multiple standard and custom ratings for specific events such as the Newport Bermuda Race. Common data used to determine ratings includes hull data, sail measurements and types, crew and yacht weight, waterline, hardware, sailing trim, and other rigging data and measurements.

How Ratings Change

Due to several factors, your ratings can change even though your yacht hasn’t. The most common factor in rating change is sail size. Smaller sails equal a better rating across the board, and, since all modern sails shrink with use, your ratings can change over time. Every time you fold, hoist, or tack your sails, they shrink a bit, not unlike the way a piece of paper shrinks each time you crumple it up and re-flatten it. Some sail constructions, such as those using a lot of Dyneema, tend to shrink more than carbon sails.

General yacht specifications from the yacht manufacturer are often used to compile data points; however, each yacht is unique, so having the correct data for your yacht and rig can go a long way toward improving your rating.

How to Optimize Your Rating

Because IRC, ORC, and ORR ratings consider a number of elements that affect the speed of the yacht, there is a lot of room to tweak your setup to optimize your yacht for a particular racing rule. Sometimes a simple sail re-measurement is all it takes to better your handicap. That can be a real game changer when you are racing the 333-mile Chicago-to-Mackinac, the 475-mile Annapolis-to-Newport, or the 2,225-mile Trans Pac.

PHRF is harder to optimize due to the way ratings are assigned. Since the rating is based on boat type, it assumes these boats all use the same sail inventory. The best way to improve your PHRF rating is to improve your performance by using the sails your handicap is rated for. Quantum can help you review your rating and inventory and ensure the form is accurate. Our team can also explore how your regional PHRF committee measures the impact of switching from a pole and symmetrical spinnaker setup to a fixed-pole asymmetrical setup, as that can also greatly affect your handicap.

Whether you have an existing rating or need to apply for a new one, there are essentially three ways you can get the best, or at least a better, rating.

Option 1: Maximize what you’ve got.

This is the most common, easiest, and cheapest way to improve your rating. Bring your rating certificate and your largest sails to your local Quantum loft. We will start by verifying the sails listed on the certificate and re-measure them. We’ll discuss your yacht and sail plan, regatta schedule, overall program, and where you want to take it. This gives us a better understanding and helps us identify other areas that can improve your rating. Sometimes it is as simple as helping you re-submit your form with updated sail sizes.

Option 2: Deeper Analysis and Inventory

If your team is looking to take things to the next level or has a specific goal in mind, Quantum can help guide you through the second option. It is a bit more expensive than the first option but yields results. After assessing your current rating, goals, and budget, we will help coordinate and guide you through a whole-yacht optimization process using our in-house design team as well as other industry partners.

A Quantum sail designer will look carefully at your existing inventory, identify gaps or areas that could be improved, make recommendations for tweaking current sails, and add new or swap different sails to your inventory. We’ll run various simulations to dial in your rating based on your sail plan and help you create a long-term plan focused on optimizing your rating and sailing objectives.

Then we’ll work with other industry experts and review your yacht for potential changes or upgrades. These experts will run multiple analyses of your setup and identify areas that could benefit from re-evaluating your measurements, such as weighing your yacht to get an accurate weight instead of using the rules default values. 

Option 3: Weather and Location Ratings

The third option builds on the first two options and fine-tunes your rating for specific wind conditions and/or locations. Working within our network of industry experts, we’ll gather historical weather data for a particular event and run multiple simulations for the venue to further optimize your overall plan. This is a common practice with professional and Grand Prix racing teams

WHICH RATING DO I NEED?

This is a rather complex question that ultimately involves weighing and prioritizing factors that answer other questions. Is there an offshore race you’ve always wanted to sail? A destination regatta with a variety of classes to compete in? How much value is placed on the potential outcome, thereby determining which event to sail? Ratings and measurement systems evolve, and your boat, using one rating, may be more favorable in the same race with a different rating in a different class or suited for a different race altogether. While we can’t recommend one system over another, we can walk you through your sailing program plans and goals and help you decide which is the best system and then optimize that rating.

Regardless of where your program stands, we are here to help you understand how rating rules work and guide you to a better rating so that you and your team get the most out of the hard work you put in to cross the finish line. Email our team at  [email protected] to get the process started. _____

Other Resources:

• US Sailing: Rating Rules and Handicapping Systems.
• US Sailng: Offshore Competition
• US Sailing: PHRF Fleet Contact Directory
• International Rating Certificate: Official Website
• Offshore Racing Congress: Official Website
• Offshore Rating Rule: Offical Website

The Discussion

This website uses cookies and collects usage statistics. Privacy Policy

Us, too. We pour that passion into each of our newsletters to help you enjoy sailing even more.

The complete guide to rating systems in sail racing

In one of the previous guides dedicated to yatching, we spoke about the  types of professional regattas that are out there.

In particular, we have learned that every association holds competitions among same-class yachts. However, there are also private regattas where the yachtsmen can command their own yacht or a charter one. To level the playing field for different vessels, the organizers use rating systems.

Let us look into that closely in this new and complete guide to rating systems in sail racing.

The rating systems in sail racing

During a year, federations of yacht / centerboard / catamaran classes hold their own races — national, regional and world championships events. The key rule for those is adhering to a single standard — the hull, sails and rigging should be the same. Yet, the same crews can compete in professional-amateur regattas, too. In this case, they are divided into separate groups (divisions) and have their results scored according to the class rules.

Scoring the results of the teams performing on different vessels, i.e. having different potential for winning, is a far more difficult task. To find out the real possibilities of a yacht as compared to racers, a special mathematic formula is used which calculates the racing score (rating). After a race, these individual score points are multiplied by the team’s results, and the team with the shortest recalculated time wins. Such a scoring system is called a rating system.

The rules of time recalculation depending on a yacht rating are called the handicap system. Any measurement and rating system is directly connected with the yacht’s technical characteristics, i.e. its handicap.

Frank Holleman C / Unsplash

The main types of rating systems (centificates) in sail racing

To take part in a regatta, a yacht should obtain the rating system certificate. Among the most applicable ones are the following certificates:

• ORC (Offshore Racing Congress International and ORC Club)
• IRC (International Rating Certificate)
• MOCRA (Multihull Offshore Cruising & Racing Association)

Virtually all the large-scale world events combine different divisions (a division unites vessels racing on the same distance). Any of those events may use their own rating.

Offshore Racing Congress (ORC)

The Offshore Racing Congress (ORC) establishes and maintains uniform rating standards in the sailing sport. In 1969 it presented two certificates — ORC International and ORC Club — to unite the two then-dominant standards — CCA (Cruising Club of America) for North and South Americas and RORC (Royal Ocean Racing Club for European countries). The ORC International and the ORC Club are similar certificates. The difference between them is that an official measurer performs measurement for the former one, while in the case of the ORC Club, the boat owner can submit some of the details, unless there is a possibility to conduct the full measurement in one’s own region. To assess boats with different characteristics, the ORC system uses:

• IMS (International Measurement System) computer-based measurement system. The programme measures performance characteristics of a given boat under various wind velocities and angles based on fundamental hydro- and aerodynamics principles;
• VPP (ORC Velocity Prediction Program) , which performs an automated technical analysis of the 7 real wind velocities, 8 real wind angles and 2 VMG (Velocity Made Good) optimum angles for a yacht.

The measurement is performed onshore, hence the boat should be fixed in place as much as possible, with the centerboard (if any) raised and the rigging raked. The features to be measured are the hull in all its dimensions, the helm/rudder, the centerboard/keel, the internal ballast, accumulator batteries, fixed and/or permanent/immovable interior details, hatch covers and floorboards, permanent mechanisms, electric equipment and vessel systems, the outboard motor, the mast, the boom, the spinnaker boom and/or the bowsprit, the standing and running rigging. As a result, you get a boat measurement file, with the ORC certificate containing the current yacht characteristics. If you have altered any parts of the vessel, a new measurement is required.

The typical ORC certificate looks like this

There are two ways to present the measurement results:

• In the metric system showing up to the third digit after the point, except sails for which only two digits after the point are indicated. The weight is presented in kilos with one-digit-after-point precision.
• In the English system where all the measurements are in pounds and are indicated up to two digits, except sails which have it up to one digit. The weight is presented in pounds.

ORC is the sole reputable body recognized by World Sailing to regulate racing rules for any events using the IMS system. To take part in an ORC regatta or division, every competitor should have a certificate from an official measurer. Today, it may be obtained in 45 countries of the world . You can fill out an application on the ORC website to have your boat measured in the One Design or an ORC group, as well as to make yourself familiar with the current set of rules and the rating for other boats in the ORC Sailor Services online catalog. The certificate gives one the opportunity to compete in the sailing events, which are:

• Organized directly by ORC according to their rating system . Among the most important events here are ORC World Championship, ORC European Championship and ORC European Sportboat Championship.
• In a multitude of other national and international regattas in ORC divisions . The key events here are Barcolana, Rolex Giraglia Cup, Rolex Middle Sea Race, Copa del Rey and other ones.

The ORC breaks down the yachts into subgroups (ORC 0, ORC 1, ORC 2). Sometimes several subgroups may compete individually in regattas. One ORC subgroup includes yachts with similar handicap. The regatta’s organizing committee sets the participant rules itself. For instance, to take part in an ORC-division at Copa del Rey, you should comply with the following requirement : Boats with LOA (Lengh Overall) ≥ to 9.30 m., with GPH (General Purpose Handicap) between 505 sec./mile and 660 sec./mile.   Under the criteria of the Organizing Committee, and according to the number of entries, this group may be divided in three classes with the following cuts:

• ORC 1: GPH between 505 and < 575 sec/mile 
• ORC 2: GPH between 575 and < 605 sec/mile
• ORC 3: GPH between 605 and <= 660 sec/mile

Thus, the ORC system allows to identify the technical parameters for each yacht and find the common denominator with the other competitors. After a race, the crew’s elapsed time is multiplied by the coefficient from the measurement table. The yacht with the least score is the winner.

Steffi Pereira / Unsplash

International Rating System (IRC)

Another leading rating system is the International Rating System (IRC) . It now issues certificates in over 60 countries of the world . The owners and curators in the UK and France are the Royal Ocean Racing Club (RORC) and l’Union Nationale de la Course au Large (UNCL) respectively. The distinct feature of this rating is that the organization does not set particular rules so that yacht designers could not adjust the characteristics accordingly. With that said, the measurement may be performed in the authorized IRC centres only. An indicator is calculated for each boat, based on which the resulting time in a race is corrected — TCC (Time Corrector). To that end, the boat’s measurements, such as its length, weight, draft, sail area and other characteristics are used. The higher the TCC is, the higher the potential boat speed is. After the race, the boat’s elapsed time is multiplied by a coefficient. The crew with the least final corrected time is the winner.

The IRC Certificate allows one to take part in the competitions, which are:

• Held according to the IRC measurement only : Rolex Fastnet Race, Rolex China Sea Race and Phuket King’s Cup Regatta.
• Most large-scale regattas which include several IRC divisions (IRC 0, IRC 1, IRC 2, etc.), uniting yachts with a similar TCC. In this case, the winners and prize-holders of each divisions and holders of the best results in the overall standings (IRC Overall) are awarded.

Each organizer is entitled to set their own rules for IRC divisions competitors. For example, the Copa del Rey Notice of Race also has separate rules for the IRC division:

• Boats with a valid 2018 IRC endorsed certificate , shall comply the following requirements: a) boats with TCC ≥1.240 and b) HF (Hull Factor): ≥ 8,5c) Dlr (Displacement-length ratio): ≤185.
• Under the criteria of the Organizing Committee and according to the number of entries, this group may be divided in two classes with an approximate cut at TCC 1.420.

This means that if more applications with different TCC are submitted, the entire group will be divided into two subgroups with the second of them including yachts with TCC higher than 1.420 as per the IRC certificate. Another example is the Rolex Fastnet Race. The regatta uses several ratings: IRC, ORC Club and MOCRA. On the regatta’s website you can separately download IRC rules , along with the regatta’s Notice of Race.

The following list shows the rules of group division based on TCC range:

• IRC Zero: 1.275 and greater
• IRC One: 1.101 — 1.274
• IRC Two: 1.051 — 1.100
• IRC Three: 1.004 — 1.050
• IRC Four: 0.850 — 1.003

The popular British regatta J.P.M. Round the Island Race includes four IRC groups, with each of them being broken down into several more with alphabetical designations. Also, there are many IRC-group participants in the following regattas: Rolex Giraglia Cup, Les Voiles de Saint-Tropez, Rolex Middle Sea Race and Rorc Carribean 600, and others.

Thom Milkovic / Unsplash

Multihull Offshore Cruising & Racing Association (MOCRA)

The Multihull Offshore Cruising & Racing Association (MOCRA) has been specifically created for multihull vessels. It allows to correct the time for catamarans and trimarans of various forms and sizes. Among the regattas using this rating are RORC Fastnet Race, Cowes Week, Plymouth Regatta, JPM Round the Island Race and RORC Carribean 600. This rating is most common for the regattas of the UK, MOCRA’s home country. The certificate includes the following information: measurement based on SI (International System Units) system or any other international certificate; coefficient calculation of TCF (Time Correction Factor). For instance, in the above mentioned Fastnet Race the following characteristics are mentioned for the MOCRA division: Multihull (MOCRA): 1.100 and greater TCF range.

Another example is the J.P.M. Round the Island Race which is also held in the UK. The regatta includes divisions which are assessed according to several ratings (IRC, ISCRS, MOCRA). In 2019 two Multihull Gran Prix and MOCRA divisions were announced with 14 applications in each of them: up to 9,15 metres long and from 9,15 metres and higher. The final results table always includes open information about every participant and the time, so that anyone who so wishes could recalculate the results using the formula: vessel name, its series number, coefficient (TCF), finish time, elapsed time, corrected time and final standing as of end of the day or regatta.

Rating systems have come a long way to get to the present-day models of measurement and time correction. Among today’s most popular rating systems are ORC, IRC for monohull vessels and MOCRA for multihull ones.

To be included in a division whose results are measured based on handicap and rating systems, one should have the vessel measured in advance and obtain a certificate. Based on that document and the rules set by the regatta’s organizers, the vessel will be included in the respective group (IRC, ORC) and subgroup (IRC 0, IRC 1 and so on).

In case any parts of the hull, sails and rigging change, the certificate is to be renewed, too.  

This post was originally published in the Windy.app on July 27, 2019.

Text: Windy.app team

Cover photo: Alina Pkhakadze / Unsplash

You will also find useful

Review of keelboats: types, sizes, history

The guide to types and purposes of yachting boats: dinghies and catamarans

The guide to sailing regattas for experienced yachtsmen and yachtswomen

Validity of yacht licenses in various countries of the world

Latest News

Watch our webinar: fish and boat with windy.app, widgets for apple watch, presenting the sea temperature map.

• Advertising
• Subscriptions

The Rating Game: PHRF Explained

Racing in a One-Design fleet is the easiest and, all things considered, the most up-front methodology. In a One-Design class, you know what place you’ve finished in as soon as crossing the line. This competition also tends to be closer due to the similarities of the boats. After all, everyone in the field is exploiting the same boat’s abilities.

More often than not, however, we find ourselves racing against a mixed bag of boats. Cruisers, sport boats, big boats, small boats, how do we really know where we stand?

Some boats are lighter and faster than others, some are better off the wind, and some excel in lighter conditions. At the end of the day though, we still need to figure out where we finished. How did we do?

Here’s where a handicapping system comes into play – and because those systems can be a bit arcane, it’s important to know how they work. The most common and popular system is PHRF, which stands for Performance Handicap Racing Fleet. It’s fairly simple and inexpensive, making it ideal for the casual and serious racer alike.

There are many different handicapping systems that suit a wide variety of needs. They will fall into one of two main categories; performance-based or measurement-based. PHRF is mainly performance-based. A handicap for a particular boat begins with a base number that has been determined by observing individual designs over a period of time to determine how they stack up against other designs.

Your boat may be different than that “base” boat, so a qualified handicapper will review your application to determine how your boat may differ. For example, you might have smaller sails, or a fixed or a feathering propeller. In any event, to attain your proper handicap you must join your regional PHRF organization – they need to size you up and set up a fair field.

The number you are ultimately assigned represents an amount of time in seconds. Pretty simple, the lower your number, the faster you have been rated. At the end of the race, the elapsed times for each boat are fed into a scoring system and calculated along with each boat’s handicap, and voila, we have our results!

These are often posted after a certain amount of revelry has already taken place, which brings us to the first of the flaws in the system. Suspicion!

If you’re realistic, you’ll look at your results and simply say, “We just have to do better next time.” Or maybe you won, in which case there’s no suspicion. The system seems to be performing as it should. But there is always a certain element of doubt, especially in a performance-based system like PHRF.

If you find yourself having consistently poor finishes, human nature dictates that one of your concerns will be whether your boat has the right handicap or not. A good thing about PHRF is that you do have the right of appeal.

OFFSHORE RACING CONGRESS

The ORC (Offshore Racing Congress) rule is a reasonable, measurement-based alternative to PHRF and is showing up in many sailboat racing events throughout the Pacific Northwest. The real strength of the ORC system is that from the measurement data on a particular boat, ORC produces one base number, the General Purpose Handicap (GPH). Here, it also lists additional rating numbers that take into account the type of race course (buoy or distance) being raced and current weather (light, medium, or heavy wind) conditions.

Developed in the late 1960s, ORC brought us the International Offshore Rule (IOR) and International Measurement System (IMS) rules which later evolved into the ORC rule and is available in four different products: ORC Club, ORC International (ORCi), ORC One Design and ORC Superyacht.

The ORC Club certificates do not require verified measurements. But as the system is set to default on the least flattering rating, the more measurements that are provided, the more accurate the rating. ORC Club certificates are intended for club-level racing.

ORC International (ORCi) is based on measurements taken of the owner’s boat by a US Sailing Official Yacht Measurer. These certificates are intended for use in World Continental, Regional, and National level races.

ORC One Design are configured for a specific class and all data is based on One Design Class rules. No measurements are required provided that the boat is compliant with its Class measurements.

And finally, there is the ORC Super Yacht which is a product reserved for those boats that are exceptionally difficult to handicap. This may include boats that have displacement ranging from 50-600 tons and have huge discrepancies involving the yacht type.

Gaining in popularity, ORC is used in over 70 countries worldwide, with more than 10,000 certificates issued, making it a viable alternative that is here to stay

While handicaps are sometimes adjusted for an entire fleet of One-Design boats, more often than not, it is up to you to provide your reasons, submit your appeal and wait for the handicapper’s council of your regional association to decide. Often the result can be disappointing, and you go back to being suspicious.

It’s important to understand how a handicap is determined. It is based on the optimum scenario, that your boat has a clean, freshly painted bottom, crispy new sails, all equipment operates smoothly and efficiently, and of course, you and your crew are expert sailors.

Before you let your suspicions get away with you, it’s important to ask yourself “Have I really prepared my boat the best that I can, and am I sailing to its handicap effectively.” Sorry to be honest, but most of the time that answer is “No.”

Another flaw is that PHRF has not kept up well with the advent of newer, lightweight designs since its inception in the early 80s. We’ve all been out there and had that feeling that everything is going great—the boat feels good, the crew are happy, the skipper is feeling large—until we round the top mark, the sport boats skip up onto a plane, and they’re gone!

To add insult to injury, the sport crews end up with the best seats in the bar at the end of the race. The best we can hope for is that they haven’t eaten all the nachos too!

Really the sport boats should be racing in a One-Design division on their own, which would undoubtedly be their preference too. However, most of the time there are not enough numbers to allow for that, so they get lumped in with mom, dad and the kids in the Catalina 30.

Over time, improvements have been made to the system to address some of the issues that have been identified. In the early going, the calculation of your corrected time for a race was based on a “Time on Distance” model (ToD). This method did not account for issues like a dying wind or a change of current during a race. It also relied on race organizers measuring the distance of the course accurately.

Eventually the “Time on Time” model (ToT) was developed. Instead of calculating by the course distance, results are calculated by a time correction factor.

Simply put, this method addresses some of the shortcomings of the ToD method, and experts will tell you that ToT is the fairer approach.

For most boat owners, PHRF is a simple and inexpensive, if slightly flawed, way to allow us to go out and have some fun racing. If you understand its shortcomings and manage your own expectations appropriately, it is all most of us require for racing. On a different level, there is the issue of how race managers, clubs, and event organizers apply PHRF.

Most of us started out by joining in our club’s beer can race program. There we have a mix of casual and novice racers mixed in with the local rock stars. It can be a little deflating for those less experienced to never reach the podium, so it’s important that clubs themselves come up with a way to keep the newbies engaged. After all, they might become the rock stars of tomorrow, and everyone needs a little glory moment from time to time to hold their interest. Within the confines of your own club racing program there are options.

You can assign your own club-level handicaps to account for experience or lack thereof. Even better, you can use a golf-style handicapping system where individual handicaps change after every race based on how well each boat is performing. This is not at all difficult to do and US Sailing, which owns PHRF, has an excellent dissertation on their website on how to do this effectively.

It is most important that once you leave your club and venture out into larger regional events, you must have a valid handicap obtained through your regional PHRF organization. You’ll also need to maintain the currency of that handicap by keeping up with your annual membership dues.

Unfortunately, it has become an all too common practice at some events to allow entry to boats that do not possess a valid handicap. Instead, the regatta gives them an arbitrary handicap. More entries mean more revenue for the regatta. I get that, but arbitrary handicaps, given often by one person who has only a modest understanding, circumvent the proper handicap assessment your regional authority can provide. The arbitrary handicap may be well off the mark and gives an unfair advantage or disadvantage. That erodes confidence in the fairness of the formula.

Imagine yourself as a longtime PHRF member racing in a regional championship that you’ve put energy and effort into, only to lose to a boat that just showed up and was given an arbitrary handicap! It will not give you a warm, fuzzy feeling about the regatta and you may not return next time. Event organizers beware! You could be chopping yourselves off at the knees!

US Sailing, as the owners of PHRF, sanction individual PHRF organizations to assign handicaps within their area. There are about 60 PHRF fleets in North America and US Sailing allows for a certain amount of autonomy between fleets to allow for local variations in racing conditions and such.

In the Pacific Northwest up to the early 1990s, there was only the PHRF-NW serving the entire Pacific Northwest region. This became an issue around that time.”

Some influential sailors in British Columbia grew dissatisfied with PHRF-NW, not entirely without reason, and split off to form PHRF-BC. At the time, only the mainland BC clubs went with them. The clubs on Vancouver Island elected to stay with PHRF-NW. This was due in large part to the concerns about how the split could negatively affect the popular Swiftsure Race, which originates in Victoria each year.

Over time the two organizations drifted apart in their approaches. Some boats had much different handicaps in one fleet than in the other, which became a big problem where the two systems collided at regattas like Round the County. Increasingly, the sailing community insisted on greater fairness, which led to normalization of handicaps.

Events would identify themselves as either PHRF-NW or PHRF-BC regattas and boats from one fleet had their handicaps adjusted to match those for similar boats in the host fleet. Needless to say, this is a time consuming and entirely thankless task for regatta organizers. It’s also very likely that various regattas have lost some racers altogether due to dissatisfaction with this issue.

Want to learn more about the various sanctioning bodies? Look no further.

PHRF NW phrf-nw.org

PHRF BC bcsailing.bc.ca/PHRF/

ORC www.orc.org

The responsibility for resolving this problem does not rest with the individual racer or with the event organizations either. This issue rests solely with the two PHRF organizations to resolve through a harmonization of the two systems.

So what should “harmonization” look like?

There is no reason not to have two PHRF fleets, one for either side of the border. Individual member applications and appeals can be better served this way. Each organization can assess their own dues model. Individual racers can choose which fleet to join, provided that the playing field is level across the region.

Underlying the two organizations should be a collaborative process to address issues common to the entire region. The methodologies of arriving at a boat’s handicap should be the same in both PHRF fleets and there should be a common handicap database. Each organization continues to conduct handicapper’s council meetings, but there should be at least one joint annual conference between the two to ensure they are serving together the interests of PHRF racers in the Pacific Northwest.

I’m happy to say there appears to have been some movement in this direction, but much work remains.

The moral of the story is that PHRF will always, and should always, have a place in our racing community. Even with the ebb and flow of different systems of measuring variations between boats, PHRF remains one of the simplest and most economical approaches to keeping things fair and fun for a wide spectrum of racers.

Ultimately, the goal should be promoting fair and equitable racing and encouraging the overall health of the sport we love.

Read the print version on Issuu

John Abel is a World Sailing, International Race Officer living in Victoria. He has experience in many sailing venues around the world at all levels of the sport. He is a past President of BC Sailing, past Vice-President of Sail Canada and will be the Principal Race Officer for Point Roberts Race Week.

Tournament Time!

Priorities + consensus = legislation, you may also like, zodiac signs, special delivery, the gateway getaway, sun’s out, duds out, treasure island, stock that snackle box, take the lakes, seas the day, leave a comment cancel reply.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Privacy Overview

• Rating Rules and Adjustments
• Measurement Definitions
• Current Ratings
• Apply Online
• Handicap Rating Process
• Regional Rating Appeal Process
• USPHRF Appeal Process
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Boat Type Ratings
• Fleet Member Boat Ratings
• Rating Appeal Status
• Handicapper Policies
• Export Ratings

Performance Handicap Racing Fleet (PHRF) ratings are based on the speed potential of the boat, determined as far as possible on observations of previous racing experiences. It is the intent of PHRF handicapping that any well equipped, well maintained, and well sailed boat has a good chance of winning. Handicaps are adjusted as needed on the boat's performance so that each well sailed boat has an equal opportunity to win. This is the fundamental concept. PHRF ratings are not intended to reflect skipper and crew capability. Ratings are not adjusted to encourage a poor or careless skipper, and conversely, no rating adjustment is made to penalize proficiency. Intensity of competition and the influx of new and aggressive sailors require each skipper to maintain consistently high performance in order to place well.

PHRF ratings are expressed in seconds per mile to be deducted from elapsed time to produce corrected times. The higher rating indicates the slower boat. PHRF time allowances are not related to other systems.

PHRF assumes that a boat is equipped to race. It does not attempt to rate a partially equipped boat, or a boat which differs from others in its class, in that it is unusually heavy, out of balance, or has unusual windage (as from a dingy on davits). However, if the basic hull and rig differ from others in its class, it will, of course, be rated uniquely. PHRF of the Chesapeake does not rate boats using both symmetrical and asymmetrical spinnakers at the same time. A choice of asymmetrical, symmetrical, or both types of spinnaker shall be made at time of application or renewal and may be changed once during the sanctioned racing season.See Standard Sail and Equipment Specifications

It is the responsibility of Organizing Authority (OA) or the Race Committee (RC) to set forth in the events Notice of Race (NOR) or Sailing Instructions(SI) the appropriate Safety Standard for the local race and weather conditions. The final burden and responsibility for safety rests on the skipper of each yacht.

A Yacht with a Cruising Class certificate can race under that certificate in a regular PHRF Class. However a Yacht with a regular PHRF certificate cannot race under that certificate in a Cruising Class because the OA have no way of determining if the yacht complies with the additional Cruising Class requirements especially Sail Area to Displacement and sail material construction.

Average PHRF Rating

Average ratings are taken from data compiled by the United States Sailing Association, published annually. PHRF stands for "Performance Handicap Racing Fleet," and its ratings are used to determine the relative speed potential of any given class of yacht.

200 to 300 High Above 300 Very High

An initial handicap rating for a new class design is assigned based on the boat's critical dimensions, its similarities to other rated yachts, the designer's speed predictions, and other such theoretical data. Observations of actual racing performance are then used to adjust the design's rating from time to time. What is rated is the boat itself, not the skill of its crew or its gear. Thus, a skilled crew using new sails and gear may be able to sail, say, a J/24 faster than its rating would indicate.

The handicaps are given in seconds per nautical mile around a race course. For example, a J/24 (page 294, average PHRF 174 seconds per mile), racing on a ten-nautical-mile course against a Dufour 24 (page 287, average PHRF 240 seconds per mile), would give the Dufour a handicap of 66 seconds per mile, or 660 seconds for the ten miles. Thus, even if the Dufour finished the race as much as 660 seconds (11 minutes) after the J/24, the Dufour would still tie the race.

For more on the PHRF system, see http://www.ussailing.org/phrf.

Not every sailboat has a PHRF rating; where none has been found, the expression "NA" (for "Not Available") is used in this guide.

Maximum Speed (also known as hull

This is calculated using the formula: Speed = 1.34 x VLWL.

That is, the theoretical maximum speed of a displacement hull (as opposed to a planing hull , which obeys different hydrody-namic rules) is approximately 1V3 times the square root of its waterline length. Above that speed, the waves a displacement hull makes, which are induced by the boat dragging a hole in the water along with it as it plows forward, become so large that the boat expends all additional increments of motive power trying to climb out of its hole. Planing hulls can escape that fate by climbing out of their holes and skimming the water's surface.

Hull shape and wave conditions sometimes alter the 1.34 factor a bit, but basically 1.34 is the applicable factor in most cases.

Continue reading here: Motion Index

Was this article helpful?

Recommended Books

• The Art of Sailing
• The Science of Sailing
• The History of Sailing
• The Basics of Sailing
• The Joy of Sailing
• The Rules of Sailing
• The Techniques of Sailing
• The Adventure of Sailing
• The Challenges of Sailing
• The Psychology of Sailing
• The Philosophy of Sailing
• The Culture of Sailing

Recommended Programs

Myboatplans 518 Boat Plans

Related Posts

• Displacement Length Ratio DL
• One Hundred Choices for the Best Small Cruiser
• A traditional design by L Francis Herreshoff
• A truly unique design from Phil Bolger
• Traditional catboat with a difference
• Take your choice catboat or sloop

Readers' Questions

What is the phrf rating for a standard f 27 trimaran sailboat?

The PHRF (Performance Handicap Racing Fleet) rating for a standard F-27 trimaran sailboat is typically around 72 seconds per mile. However, it is important to note that PHRF ratings can vary depending on the specific boat's configuration and modifications, as well as regional variations and updates to the rating system. It is recommended to consult with local racing authorities or PHRF organizations for the most accurate and up-to-date rating for a specific boat.

What is the phrf of a range of 26 sailboat?

The PHRF (Performance Handicap Racing Fleet) rating for a Range of 26 sailboat can vary based on factors such as the specific configuration, equipment, and modifications made to the boat. It is best to consult with the governing PHRF organization or rating authority in your region to get the most accurate and up-to-date PHRF rating for the Range of 26 sailboat.

What is the prf rating of a dufour 39 for sale?

Unfortunately, this information is not available. The PRF rating is typically determined by the yacht's condition, age, and style.

What is the handy cap racing prfrating for a j122e?

Unfortunately, there is no universal handicap rating for the J/122e. The rating is set by individual racing organizations and can vary greatly.

How to interpret sailing race ratings?

Sailing race ratings are used to compare the performance of different boats in a sailing race. Ratings are typically assigned by a governing body such as US Sailing and are based on a boat's characteristics such as size, type, and design. Generally, the higher the rating, the faster the boat is expected to perform in a race. Ratings can vary from boat to boat, so it is important to understand how the ratings are calculated. Ratings can be divided into two types: handicap ratings, which are based on the boat's expected time to complete a specific racecourse, and performance ratings, which measure the boat's performance relative to other boats in a race. By understanding how ratings are calculated, sailors can compare the relative performance of different boats.

How are PHRF ratings adjusted?

PHRF ratings are adjusted by modifying the base rating using a variety of race and course handicapping factors. Factors include the type of boat, its length, weight, sail area, crew, and location. The Sailboat Racing Association of the Bay (SRA) typically adjusts PHRF ratings on an annual basis based on the results of the past year's races.

What does phrf mean in the sailing world mean?

PHRF (Performance Handicap Racing Fleet) is a handicapping system used in yacht racing that adjusts a boat's finishing time based on their size and shape. The purpose of this system is to provide a level playing field, so that boats of all sizes and designs can compete against each other.

What does a phrf rating of 190/0.8784 mean for a J24 sailboat?

A PHRF rating of 190/0.8784 for a J24 sailboat means that the boat's handicap, compared to the other boats in the competition, is 190 seconds, with a correction factor of 0.8784. This means that if the boat finishes one leg of the race in a certain time, then it will be given extra time on other legs to make the overall time for all legs the same as the time for the boat with the lowest handicap.

How to read the phfr ratings?

The PHFR ratings are a type of credit rating scale used by the Philippine Federation of Credit Rating Agencies (PFCRA). The ratings range from AAA to D, with AAA being the highest score and D being the lowest. Ratings of AAA to BBB are considered to be investment grade, meaning that investments in these entities are considered to be relatively safe, with a low risk of default. Ratings of BB to D are considered to be non-investment grade and carry a greater risk of default.

What is a good phrf rating?

A good PHRF rating is typically considered to be between 80 and 120, with lower numbers being faster boats and higher numbers being slower boats. Ratings lower than 80 are considered very fast, while ratings higher than 120 are considered very slow.

How does the sailing PHRF handicap rating work?

PHRF stands for Performance Handicap Racing Fleet, and it is a handicapping system used to level the playing field among different types of sailboats so they can race each other. PHRF ratings are assigned by the PHRF governing body, which reviews sailboat specifications and other factors to assign a numerical rating to the boat. This rating is an adjustment factor applied to the boat’s elapsed time in the race to equalize the performance of different types of boats against each other. A lower PHRF rating indicates a faster boat, while a higher rating indicates a slower boat. In a race, the boat with the lowest adjusted time, taking into account its PHRF rating, is the winner.

What is a good PHRF handicap?

There is no single answer to this question, as PHRF handicaps are determined by the sailing conditions and type of boat in each individual race. Generally, boats with a lower total sail area and lighter displacement have a better PHRF handicap. Different boat classes will also have different standard PHRF handicaps.

How does rating of 171 boat's rating mean in sailing?

Rating is the handicap system used to level the playing field in yacht and dinghy racing. A rating of 171 in sailing indicates that the boat is slower than average in a particular type of race. Generally, boats with a higher rating will do better in light wind conditions, and boats with a lower rating will do better in stronger wind conditions.

Is there a country wide data base for phrf ratings sailboat?

No, there is not a countrywide database for PHRF ratings for sailboats. Each sailing organization determines its own PHRF ratings. You can contact your local sailing organization or club to find out what their PHRF ratings are for sailboats.

What is the phrf rating on a tartan ten?

The Performance Handicap Racing Fleet (PHRF) rating for a Tartan 10 is usually around 178. This rating is based on the boat specifications, its design, and its performances on the racecourse.

What does a phrf sailing rating of 222 mean?

A PHRF (Performance Handicap Racing Fleet) sailing rating of 222 means that the boat has a handicap rating of 222 seconds per mile. This means that the boat should usually be able to sail a mile in 222 seconds or under to win a race.

What is a good phrf sailboat ratings?

The PHRF (Performance Handicap Racing Fleet) sailboat rating system is a handicapping system used to level the playing field in competitive sailing events. It assigns each sailboat performance ratings based on factors such as hull and sail design, weight, and other variables. The goal of this rating system is to allow boats of different designs to compete against each other successfully and fairly.

What do phrf ratings mean?

PHRF (Performance Handicap Racing Fleet) ratings are a handicapping system used in sailboat racing. The ratings are used to compare the relative performance of different boats so they can race against each other competitively. Each boat is assigned a rating number that is used to adjust the boat's finishing time. The higher the rating, the slower the boat, and vice versa.

What is phrf in sailing?

PHRF (Performance Handicap Racing Fleet) is a handicap system used to level the playing field for sailboat racing. It assigns a numerical rating to each boat based on its measurements, sail area, and other factors, which is then factored into the boat’s finishing time. PHRF handicaps are used in many sailing competitions, allowing boats of different sizes to compete against each other on an equal footing.

• AROUND THE SAILING WORLD
• BOAT OF THE YEAR
• Email Newsletters
• America’s Cup
• St. Petersburg
• Caribbean Championship
• Boating Safety
• Ultimate Boating Giveaway

PHRF Racing: Choosing a Boat

• By Bruce Bingman
• Updated: September 18, 2013

Many factors go into buying a sailboat, including price, availability, style, and how much the boat will be used off the racecourse. At the risk of adding another facet to an already complicated decision, we tasked PHRF guru Bruce Bingman with identifying a few boats that are likely to sail above their rating in certain conditions. As is the case with any single-number rating system, every boat will have a sweet spot, a combination of wind strength, sea state, and course configuration under which it will be tough to beat.

For this exercise we asked Bingman to focus on boats that would be predominantly raced in club-level weeknight or weekend races. We wanted boats that are lively, fun to sail, and available. In addition, we restricted him to boats with an average PHRF rating of 30 or greater. Below that number you tend to find dry-sailed race boats requiring professionally managed programs, which are beyond the scope of this exercise, and usually too fast to really race in most local series.

It goes without saying that for any even halfway serious racing, preparation is as important as the boat selected or the handicap rating with which it comes. We’ve all heard it 1,000 times before: There is no substitute for good sails, reliable gear, and a smooth bottom. You may think your two- or three-year-old sails look fine, but you will pick up 6 seconds per mile and more with a new inventory. The most carefully selected boat or the most favorable rating won’t help you overcome a mid-race breakdown such as a broken halyard or jammed winch. A dirty bottom can cost you 30-plus seconds per mile. Even a thin layer of slime will cost you 3 seconds per mile. So pick your weapon, gear up, burnish your bottom, and head for the start.

• Typical conditions: Waves and chop, strong but fading sea breeze
• **Typical racecourses: Multiple lap windward-leewards **

My summer weeknight beercan series is conducted outside the harbor, on an exposed ocean racecourse, so it’s usually choppy. Winds are typically strong sea breezes (15-plus knots) at the start of the race, but lighten as the race progresses. The race committee typically runs one long, three-leg, windward-leeward race.

Here’s where you want the dependable offshore workhorse, and there are many options. A moderate displacement boat, a powerful rig, and a sea-kindly hull will produce a boat that drives upwind, through chop, and carries a spinnaker large enough to preserve a lead.

PHRF 30 to 70: The Beneteau 40.7 is a great offshore racer that provides superior upwind ability in choppy, breezy conditions. Great for a distance races, too.

PHRF 71 to 114: The Beneteau 42s has power and waterline rolled together in a single package. The sails are big, so it requires recruiting some young bucks to help get around the course.

PHRF 115 and up: The Cal 40 is a classic design with the ability to go up and down the course in any condition.

• ** Typical conditions: Flat water, shifty winds can be strong or light**
• Typical racecourses: Mix of random leg and windward-leeward

My local weeknight beercan series is conducted on a sheltered, narrow lake, with very shifty winds, but no current. Winds tend to be at either end of the spectrum: It’s either drifter light or wipeout windy. Because of the prevailing direction and narrowness of the lake, there’s usually a lot of maneuvers on the random-leg courses.

In this scenario we’re looking for light boats that are on the smaller end of the size range for each of the rating bands, but still retain the ability to perform in breezier conditions.

PHRF 30 to 70: Although the Henderson 30 can be a handful in bigger breeze, it’s an excellent light-air performer and reaches like a bandit.

PHRF 71 to 114: The Antrim 27 is a very fast and fun light-air performer that’s great in a breeze, so long as there’s not a lot of chop.

PHRF 115 and up: The B-25 , Leif Bailey’s original sporty speedster, is almost unbeatable under these conditions. An excellent, all-around performer that’s easy to drive around the course, and can still be found at reasonable prices.

• ** Typical conditions: Flat water, moderate winds**
• Typical racecourses: Random legs, all points of sail

My weeknight series is conducted in protected bay waters, with an average current of .5 to 1 knot, and generally flat water (with some chop at the upper wind range). Winds in the summer average 10 to 15 knots, and the organizing committee will typically run courses using government marks, requiring a mix of sailing angles.

In this scenario we want a boat with good all-around performance, especially for headsail reaches, a point of sail where many modern boats with non-overlapping headsails struggle. The 10- to 15-knot wind range is plenty to power most boats, so a very light boat, carrying a penalty for high sail-area-to-displacement ratio, will be at a disadvantage. This is particularly true in a “waterline” race, where a higher hull speed trumps maneuverability. On the other hand, a moderately light displacement boat with not too much wetted surface will ensure you’re not left out in the cold should the wind go light.

PHRF 30 to 70: The J/120 has consistently demonstrated excellent all-around performance to its typical rating.

PHRF 71 to 114: Either the Frers 41 or the J/29 masthead outboard. Both of these boats have overlapping headsails and enough power to get around the course and through the reaches. Which one is best would be dictated by local class splits. It’s generally desirable to be toward the faster end of the class.

PHRF 115 and up: The S2 9.1 was a MORC slayer in its heyday. It’s a very fast, but comfortable, 30-footer with a powerful overlapping headsail and long waterline.

• Typical conditions: Steep chop, moderate winds
• ** Typical racecourses: Windward-leeward**

The races in my weeknight series are held on open, exposed, and typically choppy water, especially in moderate winds. The summer average is 10 knots, and the race committee usually runs windward-leeward courses.

Windward-leeward races are typically won upwind and lost downwind. In this scenario we’re looking for boats that will have good light-air performance to weather while retaining the advantage downwind. We also want to look for boats with relatively fine bow sections to get through the chop.

PHRF 30 to 70: The Farr 30 is still one of the best small windward-leeward boats ever designed (owner bias aside). It’s light and easily driven, but has a fine bow that can cut through the chop when needed. Thanks to the masthead spinnaker, it excels downwind in all breezes.

PHRF 71 to 114: The J/35 has excellent all-around traits. This workhorse provides great performance in the medium breeze, and the overlapping headsail really helps drive through the chop.

PHRF 115 and up: The C&C 35 MK I is often overlooked. With its low wetted surface, overlapping headsail, and narrow beam, it’s an excellent performer, particularly in the chop. The Mark III model, which has a deeper keel and more modern rudder design, is a strong windward performer, but pays in the rating game and is typically a good deal more costly.

• More: Handicap Racing , Sailboat Racing , Sailboats
• More Sailboats

Sporty and Simple is the ClubSwan 28

Nautor Swan Has A New Pocket Rocket

Pogo Launches its Latest Coastal Rocket

A Deeper Dive Into the Storm 18

Barcelona Breeze Increase Spikes Intensity

Luna Rossa Dominant on Busy Day in Barcelona

One and Done on Drifter Day of Cup Challenger Series

Shocks and Drops At Louis Vuitton Cup Start

• Digital Edition
• Customer Service
• Privacy Policy
• Terms of Use
• Cruising World
• Sailing World
• Salt Water Sportsman
• Sport Fishing
• Wakeboarding

San Francisco Bay Area Multihull Association

Racing in the SF Bay

Double Handed Farallones Race

The BAMA Cup

BAMA Sponsored Races

Bama Cup Standings

How to Start Racing

Multihull Rating

Racing in the San Francisco Bay and Offshore

The San Francisco Bay is known throughout the world as a mecca for sailboat racing. Year round sailing,  challenging and exhilarating wind and water conditions and a venue of unparalleled beauty makes racing in the San Francisco Bay phenomenal. If you are a multihull owner who wants to start racing, BAMA is here to help you get started .

BAMA's Premier Annual Event: The Double Handed Farallones Race

The Double Handed Farallones Race is BAMA's signature annual mixed-fleet race event. Click here for a full webpage describing the race's history, information about the course, and recent race results.

The course has racers starting in the early morning off Baker Beach, rounding the Farallones in either direction, and then finishing off the Golden Gate Yacht Club race deck. Covering a total distance of 54nm, the conditions for the DHF can be challenging, testing a double handed crews stamina and seamanship. The race requires that participating boats meet the NCORC's offshore safety requirements, and requires that participating sailors study offshore safety topic and practice person overboard recovery prior to the race.

ANNUAL TROPHIES AWARDED BY BAMA

The bama cup perpetual trophy.

The BAMA Racetrack Perpetual Trophy

BAMA Sponsored Multihull-Only Races

The Jack Reacher Race & Raft-Up is BAMA's annual no-pressure fun race. An easy and fun way to get started racing, the Jack Reacher Race features a simple all-reaching course, followed by a raft-up in Clipper Cove with the other entrants. The race is FREE, an you don't need a ratings certificate. We encourage you to bring the family or sailing friends!

2024 BAMA CUP STANDINGS

How to Start Racing your Multihull

• Get your RATING from BAMA (see below)
• Learn the basics of the Racing Rules of Sailing
• Crew on another Multihull in a race
• Sign up for a beer-can race at a local yacht club and become comfortable with the starting line
• Sign up for a larger Regatta and race with more competitive fleets (See our Calendar )

Getting your Multihull Rating from BAMA

BAMA issues PHRF Handicaps for multihulls to race in the San Francisco Bay Area, Monterey Bay and Lake Tahoe at the request of the YRA PHRF Committee (NCPHRF) using their rules and guidelines with US Sailing guidance. BAMA PHRF Handicaps are determined relative to boats in the local Bay Area multihull fleet, using One-Design & National Association guidelines where they exist, other regional data, local race results and Rating Rules as applicable.

BAMA uses Texel (NDL, AUS, DEN, CSA), SCHRS (World Sailing), MOCRA (UK) and Multi2000 (FRA) Rating Rules for multihulls over 15 feet. The Rating may be used to calibrate the initial PHRF Handicap.

BAMA recommends that multihulls & monohulls should not be scored in the same section or division in any competitive event in alignment with US Sailing PHRF.

Initial PHRF Handicaps will be considered provisional in nature for boats new or unfamiliar to the committee. These handicaps may be reviewed and perhaps changed after one season or a series of races has transpired.

The BAMA PHRF Handicap Committee may decline to handicap any yacht for which it feels unable to determine a potential speed.

BAMA policy requires that all documentation be submitted prior to issuing a PHRF Handicap. No handicap will be given over the phone or without full documentation having been made available to the entire committee.

The Committee may invalidate a Certificate at any time where cause is in evidence such as incorrect dimensions or where other than declared equipment is used. Due process will be exercised to allow the owner to be heard and corrections made if the owner, in the view of the Committee, provides justification.

A new or updated Rating Certificate is required if:

• You are new to the fleet; or
• It's a new racing season. You must renew your rating every year on this BAMA website; or
• Your boat is modified during the year, including but not limited to new sails, new rudder, centerboard or daggerboard, the addition of lifting foils, or other modifications that would materially change a boat's displacement or performance.
• Download the rating data form sheet here .  This PDF form shows all the data that you will need to successfully apply for a rating with BAMA. If you are having trouble finding the information required, contact the BAMA Rating Chair with your question for assistance. [email protected]
• Apply for and purchase your rating certificate here .  BAMA uses a web based form that you fill in to apply for your rating. Before you open the form and start filling it in, make sure you have collected all necessary information in step 1 above.
• Get your boat weighed by the Ratings Committee. Admittedly, this step is not as easy as the first three, but BAMA strongly recommends weighing your boat for an accurate rating and will assist you with this process. In the absence of an accurate weight, the Rating Committee will assume that your boat's weight is equal to the lightest similar boat in its database, which may negatively impact your boat's rating. If you want your boat weighed, please indicate such when sending your supporting documents to the Race Chair (Step 3) and the Race Committee will assist you with this process.

Applications typically take 2 – 4 weeks to review before a certificate will be issued if no additional information is requested.

2024 BAMA Ratings

Ratings All

This includes ratings for all boats in the PHRF GB database, current and prior years.

The complete guide to rating systems in sail racing

In the previous article we spoke about the types of professional regattas that are out there. We learned that every association holds competitions among same-class yachts. However, there are also private regattas where the yachtsmen can command their own yacht or a charter one. To level the playing field for different vessels, the organizers use rating systems. Let us look into that.

During a year, federations of yacht/centerboard/catamaran classes hold their own races — national, regional and world championships events. The key rule for those is adhering to a single standard – the hull, sails and rigging should be the same. Yet, the same crews can compete in professional-amateur regattas, too. In this case, they are divided into separate groups (divisions) and have their results scored according to the class rules.

Scoring the results of the teams performing on different vessels, i.e. having different potential for winning, is a far more difficult task. To find out the real possibilities of a yacht as compared to racers, a special mathematic formula is used which calculates the racing score (rating). After a race, these individual score points are multiplied by the team’s results, and the team with the shortest recalculated time wins. Such a scoring system is called a rating system.

The rules of time recalculation depending on a yacht rating are called the handicap system. Any measurement and rating system is directly connected with the yacht’s technical characteristics, i.e. its handicap.

To take part in a regatta, a yacht should obtain the rating system certificate. Among the most applicable ones are the following certificates:

• ORC (Offshore Racing Congress International and ORC Club)
• IRC (International Rating Certificate)
• MOCRA (Multihull Offshore Cruising & Racing Association) and some others.

Virtually all the large-scale world events combine different divisions (a division unites vessels racing on the same distance). Any of those events may use their own rating.

The Offshore Racing Congress (ORC) establishes and maintains uniform rating standards in the sailing sport. In 1969 it presented two certificates — ORC International and ORC Club – to unite the two then-dominant standards — CCA (Cruising Club of America) for North and South Americas and RORC (Royal Ocean Racing Club for European countries). The ORC International and the ORC Club are similar certificates. The difference between them is that an official measurer performs measurement for the former one, while in the case of the ORC Club, the boat owner can submit some of the details, unless there is a possibility to conduct the full measurement in one’s own region. To assess boats with different characteristics, the ORC system uses:

• IMS (International Measurement System) computer-based measurement system. The programme measures performance characteristics of a given boat under various wind velocities and angles based on fundamental hydro- and aerodynamics principles;
• VPP (ORC Velocity Prediction Program), which performs an automated technical analysis of the 7 real wind velocities, 8 real wind angles and 2 VMG (Velocity Made Good) optimum angles for a yacht.

The measurement is performed onshore, hence the boat should be fixed in place as much as possible, with the centerboard (if any) raised and the rigging raked. The features to be measured are the hull in all its dimensions, the helm/rudder, the centerboard/keel, the internal ballast, accumulator batteries, fixed and/or permanent/immovable interior details, hatch covers and floorboards, permanent mechanisms, electric equipment and vessel systems, the outboard motor, the mast, the boom, the spinnaker boom and/or the bowsprit, the standing and running rigging. As a result, you get a boat measurement file, with the ORC certificate containing the current yacht characteristics. If you have altered any parts of the vessel, a new measurement is required.

There are two ways to present the measurement results:

• In the metric system showing up to the third digit after the point, except sails for which only two digits after the point are indicated. The weight is presented in kilos with one-digit-after-point precision.
• In the English system where all the measurements are in pounds and are indicated up to two digits, except sails which have it up to one digit. The weight is presented in pounds.

ORC is the sole reputable body recognized by World Sailing to regulate racing rules for any events using the IMS system. To take part in an ORC regatta or division, every competitor should have a certificate from an official measurer. Today, it may be obtained in 45 countries of the world . You can fill out an application on the ORC website to have your boat measured in the One Design or an ORC group, as well as to make yourself familiar with the current set of rules and the rating for other boats in the ORC Sailor Services online catalog. The certificate gives one the opportunity to compete in the sailing events:

• organized directly by ORC according to their rating system. Among the most important events here are ORC World Championship, ORC European Championship and ORC European Sportboat Championship.
• In a multitude of other national and international regattas in ORC divisions. The key events here are Barcolana, Rolex Giraglia Cup, Rolex Middle Sea Race, Copa del Rey and other ones.

Rolex Middle Sea Race

The ORC breaks down the yachts into subgroups (ORC 0, ORC 1, ORC 2). Sometimes several subgroups may compete individually in regattas. One ORC subgroup includes yachts with similar handicap. The regatta’s organizing committee sets the participant rules itself. For instance, to take part in an ORC-division at Copa del Rey, you should comply with the following requirement :

Boats with LOA (Lengh Overall)  ≥ to 9.30 m., with GPH (General Purpose Handicap) between 505 sec./mile and 660 sec./mile.   Under the criteria of the Organizing Committee, and according to the number of entries, this group may be divided in three classes with the following cuts: ORC 1: GPH between  505 and < 575 sec./mile. ORC 2: GPH between  575 and < 605 sec./mile. ORC 3: GPH between  605 and < = 660 sec./mile.

Thus, the ORC system allows to identify the technical parameters for each yacht and find the common denominator with the other competitors. After a race, the crew’s elapsed time is multiplied by the coefficient from the measurement table. The yacht with the least score is the winner.

Another leading rating system is the International Rating System (IRC) . It now issues certificates in over 60 countries of the world . The owners and curators in the UK and France are the Royal Ocean Racing Club (RORC) and l’Union Nationale de la Course au Large (UNCL) respectively. The distinct feature of this rating is that the organization does not set particular rules so that yacht designers could not adjust the characteristics accordingly. With that said, the measurement may be performed in the authorized IRC centres only. An indicator is calculated for each boat, based on which the resulting time in a race is corrected — TCC (Time Corrector). To that end, the boat’s measurements, such as its length, weight, draft, sail area and other characteristics are used. The higher the TCC is, the higher the potential boat speed is. After the race, the boat’s elapsed time is multiplied by a coefficient. The crew with the least final corrected time is the winner.

The IRC Certificate allows one to take part in the competitions:

• which are held according to the IRC measurement only: Rolex Fastnet Race, Rolex China Sea Race and Phuket King’s Cup Regatta.
• most large-scale regattas which include several IRC divisions (IRC 0, IRC 1, IRC 2, etc.), uniting yachts with a similar TCC. In this case, the winners and prize-holders of each divisions and holders of the best results in the overall standings (IRC Overall) are awarded.

Each organizer is entitled to set their own rules for IRC divisions competitors. For example, the Copa del Rey Notice of Race also has separate rules for the IRC division:   Boats with a valid 2018 IRC endorsed certificate, shall comply the following requirements: a) Boats with TCC ≥1.240 b) HF (Hull Factor): ≥ 8,5c)   Dlr (Displacement-length ratio) : ≤185   Under the criteria of the Organizing Committee and according to the number of entries, this group may be divided in two classes with an approximate cut at TCC 1.420.   This means that if more applications with different TCC are submitted, the entire group will be divided into two subgroups with the second of them including yachts with TCC higher than 1.420 as per the IRC certificate. Another example is the Rolex Fastnet Race. The regatta uses several ratings: IRC, ORC Club and MOCRA. On the regatta’s website you can separately download IRC rules , along with the regatta’s Notice of Race.

The table shows the rules of group division based on TCC. The popular British regatta J.P.M. Round the Island Race includes four IRC groups, with each of them being broken down into several more with alphabetical designations. Also, there are many IRC-group participants in the following regattas: — Rolex Giraglia Cup — Les Voiles de Saint-Tropez — Rolex Middle Sea Race — Rorc Carribean 600 and others

The Multihull Offshore Cruising & Racing Association (MOCRA) has been specifically created for multihull vessels. It allows to correct the time for catamarans and trimarans of various forms and sizes. Among the regattas using this rating are RORC Fastnet Race, Cowes Week, Plymouth Regatta, JPM Round the Island Race and RORC Carribean 600. This rating is most common for the regattas of the UK, MOCRA’s home country. The certificate includes the following information: measurement based on SI (International System Units) system or any other international certificate; coefficient calculation of TCF (Time Correction Factor). For instance, in the above mentioned Fastnet Race the following characteristics are mentioned for the MOCRA division:

Multihull competition;

Another example is the J.P.M. Round the Island Race which is also held in the UK. The regatta includes divisions which are assessed according to several ratings (IRC, ISCRS, MOCRA). In 2019 two Multihull Gran Prix and MOCRA divisions were announced with 14 applications in each of them — up to 9,15 metres long; — from 9,15 metres and higher. The final results table always includes open information about every participant and the time, so that anyone who so wishes could recalculate the results using the formula: — vessel name; — its series number; — coefficient (TCF); — finish time; — elapsed time; — corrected time; — final standing as of end of the day or regatta.

Instead of a conclusion:

• Rating systems have come a long way to get to the present-day models of measurement and time correction. Among today’s most popular rating systems are ORC, IRC for monohull vessels and MOCRA for multihull ones.
• To be included in a division whose results are measured based on handicap and rating systems, one should have the vessel measured in advance and obtain a certificate. Based on that document and the rules set by the regatta’s organizers, the vessel will be included in the respective group (IRC, ORC) and subgroup (IRC 0, IRC 1 and so on).
• In case any parts of the hull, sails and rigging change, the certificate is to be renewed, too.  

Types of Racing Sailboats

Sailboats come in many different shapes and sizes depending on a variety of factors. This means there are a variety of sailboat racing boat types on the market.

When you look specifically at racing sailboats, you will notice several different aspects that separate them from other sailboats. You might be wondering, what are the types of racing sailboats?

There are many types of racing sailboats that range from one-man dinghies all the way to 100-foot yachts. Some racing sailboats are classified as keel boats, multi-hull, and even a tower ship. These boats are built primarily for speed, so comfort is usually an afterthought depending on the brand.

For racing sailboats, each one is going to fit within a specific race category. So depending on the type of race will dictate the types of sailboats you will see.

According to sailboat data, racing boats have slightly different designs that stand out compared to bluewater sailboats. Looking at the Olympics is another example of what other racing sailboats are out there.

Table of contents

‍ Characteristics of Racing Sailboats

There are quite a few sailboats made today that are geared specifically towards racing. They have one purpose, which is to go as fast as possible.

Some racing sailboats are advanced far more than the average ones, which is completely up to the buyer. For example, America’s Cup race showcases “foiling boats” that run on foils under the hulls. These allow the sailboats to go faster than 50 MPH.

If you are searching for boats that have characteristics to fit within a specific race type, you will find that many boats can enter different races depending on the rules. The most popular sailboat races are:

• Offshore/Oceanic

There are key features that separate racing boats from other sailboats and allow them to enter specific races. These can be narrowed down to the hull design, the type of keel, how many masts it has, and what type of sails are used.

Size of Racing Sailboats

As mentioned, these boats range from smaller dinghies to 100-foot yachts. Depending on the type of race will determine the type of boat that is being used.

The size of certain boats might prevent them from entering races where only smaller ones are allowed. There are exceptions in some races, like a handicapped fleet race, that will adjust the rating to allow their final time to be adjusted. The reason some races are handicapped to a certain extent is so a captain and his crew can determine the outcome and not a boat that is at an advantage.

Overall Design

With racing sailboats, they are subject to racing against the wind about half of the time. The angles of the boats are still similar to cruisers but greatly differ in the size of the sails to allow the sheets to have a better shape.

As racing boats are typically trying to sheet the sails hard, they are trying to keep them within the centerline. This allows the sails to be flatter and change them as needed.

Over time, the sails will typically wear out faster than the ones being used on regular sailboats. Since they are aggressively being used to stretch in the wind, they are subject to more use than regular sailboats.

Similar Looking Sailboats

There are races that only accept sailboats called one-design. These sailboats are built to exact specifications and are nearly identical to one another.

The reason that these boats are designed is to help combat any potential advantages from one boat to the next. It does not really set itself apart from other boats, but it is a good start to get into racing.

Lack of Interior Accommodations

Racing sailboats typically lack anything special on the inside to help save weight and go faster. Since a lot of features are not available, this means it would be nearly impossible to liveaboard full time.

In most scenarios, a true racing sailboat strictly has one purpose: to go fast. This does not mean that all racing sailboats cannot have luxury or comfort, since boat racing has been in existence since boats were first invented for water.

You would need to find boats that have a great balance between using them on weekends and racing. There are plenty of options to consider for what you want to accomplish in racing and comfort.

Types of Sails Being Used

Another characteristic that separates racing boats from cruisers is the types of sails that are being used. Both are designed for performance but are measured a bit differently. Racing sails are meant for speed, as regular sails are meant for cruising.

Depending on the goal of sailing, such as racing, you could look into purchasing sails that are specific to racing. Would you rather take off an extra minute or two of your time with a long upwind leg during a race or have the same durable sail for another five years out?

This opens up the door to endless possibilities of sail-making materials to get the job done. Most cruisers use Dacron or laminates that use a high-stretch fiber. With racing boats, light laminate sails have proven to be more durable and last longer than previous racing sails.

Popular Types of Racing Sailboats

Since the goal is to be around 50 MPH and have the best handling, many options have to be considered for the type of boat to possess both. Since comfort is not a deciding factor, it is somewhat easier to narrow down a racing boat over a bluewater or cruiser boat.

The types of racing sailboats that cater to you will all depend on your budget and your main goal of use. Each series of boats has its main purpose, with some having a little bit of comfort with racing.

Yachts and Super-Sized Sailboats

Yachts that specialize in racing tend to have a solid mix between speed and comfort. With a fiberglass hull and roughly 50 feet or so in length, these boats are not easily handled by just one or two people like others or there.

With that being said, they are also the most expensive out of the group. Even with exceptionally older models, you are still easily looking at $100,000.

You can expect to see racing yacht sailboats to reach about 17 MPH. Depending on the size, they can go faster or slower.

High-Performance Cruisers

Some boats can do it all when it comes to all-around performance . If you are looking for a boat that you can race for fun but still want to take it out offshore and live on, then you need to look at high-performance cruisers that can do both.

These boats generally range between 25 to 40 feet and are similar to yachts. However, they do not have as much luxury in comparison but the price tag is not nearly as heavy.

Trailerable Sailboats

Trailerable sailboats fall into similar categories like the dinghy and small racing boats. These boats can range in length up to 27 feet but are limited in their height and weight.

These serve a purpose for just about anything to do with sailing, but the racing ones are strictly for racing. Their design is meant for speed, not the comfort of heavy-duty performance offshore.

Small Racing Sailboats

Smaller racing sailboats are built to be lighter and have practically nothing on board compared to cruisers or dinghies. Due to their smaller size, they often get mistaken for larger dinghies even though they typically range between 20 and 70 feet.

These smaller racing sailboats are related to cruising sailboats but are a bit smaller. They are cousins to sailing dinghy boats that are used for racing. They also have fin keels and utilize laminate sails.

Sailing Dinghies

Dinghies are a category of small boats that have a wide variety of uses. If you are new to boating, it is a great place to start learning due to its size and simplicity.

These typically only need one or two people at most and are no longer than 15 feet in length at max. Many of these boats are competitively raced and will also result in a wet ride no matter what you do. You will see these types of boats used in certain Olympic events.

Racing Cruising Sailboats

Cruisers have a wide range in size and length, as they range between 16 and 50 feet or more. They feature cabins for extended cruising and have standing headroom below deck if over 26 feet.

Popular brands on the market have introduced models that are fit for racing. These are great for fleet races or for boats that are associated with cruising. With that being said, it is a great compromise for boaters that enjoy racing but also want to cruise whenever they want.

The cutter features a single mast and mainsail, which is very similar to common sailboats like a sloop. A cutter sailboat has the mast further aft which allows the attachment of the jib and staysail.

In high winds, a smaller staysail can still be flown from the inner stay. This used to be a traditional racing design back in the day.

Cutters are great for both offshore and coastal cruising. In addition, they can still be utilized as a racing boat depending on the conditions.

Fractional Rig Sloop

Fractional rig sloop sailboats were popular in the 60s and 70s, but have steadily made a comeback in today's market. This sloop’s forestay will not cross at the highest point of the mast, meaning it attaches at a lower position.

On fairly windy days when you do not have to utilize full power, the fractional rig allows the crew to slightly bend the tops of the mast and flatten out sails. This greatly affects performance and is a great option for cruising, one-design races, and even handicap sailing.

Schooner Sailboats

These particular sailboats have multiple sails which are protected by two masts. These are known as the mainmast and foremast, with the foremast being close to the ship’s foredeck and a lot shorter than the mainmast.

Depending on the size of the schooner, additional masts can be added to allow more sails. These are great for offshore cruising and sailing but can be an effective racing boat.

Trimarans and Catamarans

Trimarans have three of their hulls side by side and “cats” only have two. In comparison, they both share very similar characteristics for racing and overall performance.

Trimarans are quicker and easier to build than catamarans, so, therefore, they are more common. They both have similar restrictions on space and can be used for day sailing.

In addition, they are not as stable as compared to other sailboats out there. There are still various ways to use them and they make for great racing boats since they can reach up to 10 MPH.

How Can These Boats Go Faster?

Each person will select a racing boat that fits their needs accordingly. If you enjoy racing, but continue to lose against boats that are the same, you might want to consider either your team, the technique behind it all, or the boat itself. Routine maintenance is going to be the best thing you can do when checking to see if your racing sailboat can go any faster.

The hull has to be in top shape and needs to be able to hold tension. The sails also need to be checked to make sure they are not overly stretched or worn out.

The masts also need to be of the right stiffness, as they are bending with tension from the rigging. This one might have to be professionally calibrated if you do not know how to do it, especially since every boat with its mast is going to measure differently based on size and shape.

Finally, the weight of the boat could be the determining factor in winning or losing. Make sure the weight is appropriate and the maximum amount for the boat is not exceeded.

Related Articles

Types of Sailboats: A Complete Guide

Jacob Collier

Born into a family of sailing enthusiasts, words like “ballast” and “jibing” were often a part of dinner conversations. These days Jacob sails a Hallberg-Rassy 44, having covered almost 6000 NM. While he’s made several voyages, his favorite one is the trip from California to Hawaii as it was his first fully independent voyage.

by this author

Best Sailboats

Most Recent

Affordable Sailboats You Can Build at Home

Daniel Wade

September 13, 2023

Best Small Sailboats With Standing Headroom

December 28, 2023

Important Legal Info

Lifeofsailing.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies.

Similar Posts

Best Bluewater Sailboats Under $50K

Best Blue Water Sailboats Under 40 Feet

Which Sailboats Have Lead Keels?

June 20, 2023

Popular Posts

Best Liveaboard Catamaran Sailboats

Can a Novice Sail Around the World?

Elizabeth O'Malley

June 15, 2022

4 Best Electric Outboard Motors

How Long Did It Take The Vikings To Sail To England?

10 Best Sailboat Brands (And Why)

December 20, 2023

7 Best Places To Liveaboard A Sailboat

Get the best sailing content.

Top Rated Posts

© 2024 Life of Sailing Email: [email protected] Address: 11816 Inwood Rd #3024 Dallas, TX 75244 Disclaimer Privacy Policy

Introduction to Sailboat Racing [Rules and Classes Explained]

True, when you first witness a sailboat race, you might believe it’s too confusing and chaotic (it can be both). But, like with anything new, you may ease into it gradually. This is intended to allow you to take several actions at once.

Racing a sailboat is a lot of fun. It blends the excitement of sailing your own boat with the raw rivalry of trying to beat another boat of comparable size. Racing also teaches you boat handling and sail trim in a manner that cruising cannot: by comparing your speed and handling to those of other boats.

Let us jump into the article to learn more about sailboat racing.

Basic Insights Into Sailboat Racing

Sailboat racing may be separated into three parts: start , headwind , and tailwind . During a sailboat race, it is important to ensure that the beginning of the race must be strong. The start determines the overall outcome of the race and thus is considered very crucial for the race. It brings great advantage to the competitor and this is often very underrated.

As soon as the countdown is complete, it is necessary to make sure that the competitor has crossed the starting line effectively. Generally, warnings are given at 5mins and subsequently at 4mins and 1min .

Another very important aspect to consider is the path . The competitor must be able to determine a clear path to sail through and the direction of the race course must also be perceived correctly to ensure a favorable outcome. Free lanes enable the competitor with ideal angles to the wind with which they can easily navigate without having to go against disturbed wind or wind shadows from rival boats.

The Starting Line

Oftentimes, the first leg of the race will be upwind, after the starting line is crossed. At this point again, it is important to note that starting strong is crucial for an upwind race as more free lanes are accessible the further ahead the competitor is in the convoy.

The necessary determinants to be noted and kept in consideration throughout the race for effective upwind sailing strategies are the following factors: wind direction, wind speed, and rivals. But the last aspect can be tricky as everyone’s goal is ultimately to win.

Competitors need to base their choices for sailing downwind on the same findings, but with a few minor variations. Being at the forefront and tagged by rivals can be seen as a mode of suffering when the competitor must keep sailing in the wind shadows of all the boats behind. Here, there’s an advantage to be thought of if the competitor can position themselves at the rear. Any lane can be chosen at proper intervals to make up for the lost ground.

However, usually, down winds result in shorter wins and losses than up winds . This is because there is less transverse separation during down winds when compared to up winds.

Different Types of Sail Racing Classes

Sailboat racing can be done in different ways. Each race lasts for about 45min to 1hr and is conducted on a course marked by buoys mounted by the racing committee. One can also take part in “ distance races “. In this case, the “ natural ” surroundings will typically provide the race course.

‍The points of sail during the race depend on the predominant wind direction factors on the day of the race, which is the other major variation besides the length. While racing on the course, the race committee places the buoys in such a manner that the race course is adapted to the wind , this mostly enables the competitors to accurately identify which sail has to be deployed for the upcoming leg .

At the race course and during the distance races, the sailboats that participate are usually of various types and are commonly very diverse. As a result, the organizing committee frequently employs intricate “ handicap ” mechanisms to even out variations across boat types . The system is often country-based and it has been developed based on the most common types of boats in a country. The RC , ORC , and IRC systems are the most widely used on an international scale .

These systems compute a factor that should be multiplied by the exact time required to sail one nautical mile using complex formulas . They are based on the dimensions of the boat’s length, weight, sail size, types, and design of the boat along with the materials used .

To find the adjusted race time that can be used to compare with other competitors, this f actor is multiplied by the amount of time it took you to complete the race and the distance of the race .

It is very necessary to remember that these systems are not entirely accurate and they cannot be completely relied on. They can only be used to a certain extent for performance comparison . Hence it is advised that one must compete in races where the competing boats are similar to accurately assess the racing skills of the competitor.

Main Rules in Sailboat Racing

These races are administered and authorized by the International Racing Rules of Sailing . It lays down rules and safety measures to sail safely across the race course along with the entire fleet, whose goal is to sail successfully during the race as well.

A rulebook is laid down with fundamental rules providing explanations and specimens about ensuring how to maintain and regulate according to the laws during a variety of circumstances that can arise between competing sailboats during the course of the race.

The most fundamental rule is that vessels with their starboard side windward must give way to vessels with their port side windward . This implies that the port-tack boat must either tack or bear away to pass behind the stern of the starboard-tack boat when two boats on opposite tacks come together . The leeward boat always has the right of way over the windward boat when there are two boats on the same tack.

Although this is the case, it is essential to note that the boat with the right of way must always ensure to leave other sailboats adequate space and time to avoid collision and accidents . While trying to maintain contact with other competitors, one must be very safe and secure as a significant level of rule interpretation can be enforced.

Violation of any rule can cause you to self-forfeit from the race . Hence it is advised to make amends and surrender upon having committed a conscious foul. Most admitted fouls are looked over following a penalty turn of 360 degrees or 720 degrees . Sailing instructions can be seen as a guide in all circumstances to find more detailed information about the same. A few rules can also be helpful when it comes to knowing what to be worn during the race apart from obvious determinants like the weather and climate conditions.

Main Equipment Used In Sailboat Racing

The sport of sailing is generally very physically taxing and hence requires e xtraordinary energy throughout the course of the race especially while rounding marks and sailing downwind.

When the atmospheric temperature falls due to wind-chill effects , it makes much colder winds frequently. In such circumstances, making use of a windproof outer layer will guard against the wind chill and this material is also breathable . Such measures must be ensured to avoid being cold and clammy. Wearing boots can also ensure to keep yourself warm and comfortable.

Looking into the technical aspects , sailboats need to ensure they are fully equipped with communication and navigation devices such as VHF, GPS, Sat Phones , and so on.

Different Types Of Sailboat Races

Sailboat racing is a diverse and dynamic sport that encompasses a wide range of different race types , each with its own unique rules, tactics, and strategies . Understanding the different types of sailboat races is crucial for sailors looking to compete at a high level and succeed in this exciting sport.

One of the most common types of sailboat racing is fleet racing, which involves a large number of sailboats competing in a single race. In fleet racing, the sailboats start together and sail a predetermined course, with the first boat to cross the finish line being declared the winner. Fleet racing often requires a high degree of tactical maneuvering, as sailors must navigate around other boats and adjust their tactics to account for wind shifts and other factors.

Another popular type of sailboat racing is match racing, which involves two sailboats competing head-to-head in a series of races. In match racing, the emphasis is on tactical maneuvering and outsmarting your opponent, rather than simply being the fastest boat on the course. Match racing typically involves a complex set of rules and regulations governing how boats can interact with each other on the course, and sailors must be highly skilled at reading wind shifts, controlling their boats, and outmaneuvering their opponents.

Team racing is another type of sailboat racing that involves multiple sailboats competing against each other in a team format. In team racing, each team consists of multiple boats, and the team with the best overall performance across all of its boats is declared the winner. Team racing often requires a high degree of coordination and strategy, as sailors must work together to achieve a common goal and coordinate their tactics to maximize their chances of success.

In addition to these main types of sailboat racing, there are also a variety of specialized race types that are popular in different parts of the world . For example, ocean racing involves sailing across the open ocean over long distances and requires a high degree of skill and endurance. Inshore racing , on the other hand, takes place in protected bays and harbors and often involves short, fast races with frequent wind shifts and other challenges.

Regardless of the type of sailboat racing, one thing remains constant: the need for skilled and experienced sailors who can navigate their boats through a wide range of conditions and challenges. Whether you’re a seasoned veteran or a beginner just getting started, mastering the different types of sailboat racing can be a highly rewarding and exhilarating experience, and can lead to a lifetime of excitement and adventure on the water.

Classes Of Sailboats Commonly Used In Racing

Sailboat racing is a highly competitive and dynamic sport that encompasses a wide range of different classes of sailboats, each with its own unique characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses. Understanding the different classes of sailboats used in racing is crucial for sailors looking to compete at a high level and succeed in this exciting sport.

One of the most common classes of sailboats used in racing is the dinghy , which is a small, lightweight boat typically sailed by one or two people. Dinghies are highly maneuverable and responsive and can be sailed in a wide range of conditions, from light winds to strong breezes. Popular dinghy classes include the Laser , the 420 , and the Optimist , each of which has its own unique rules and specifications.

Keelboats are another popular class of sailboats used in racing, and are typically larger and heavier than dinghies, with a fixed keel that helps to provide stability and control. Keelboats come in a wide range of sizes and designs, from small one-design boats like the J/24 to larger performance-oriented boats like the TP52. Keelboats are often sailed by a crew of several people and require a high degree of coordination and teamwork to sail effectively.

Multihulls are another popular class of sailboats used in racing and are characterized by their multiple hulls providing greater speed and stability than traditional monohull sailboats. Multihulls come in a variety of different designs and sizes, from small catamarans to large trimarans , and are typically sailed by a crew of several people. Multihulls can be highly competitive and exciting to sail, but also require a high degree of skill and experience to handle effectively.

In addition to these main classes of sailboats, there are also a variety of specialized classes that are popular in different parts of the world. For example, in Australia and New Zealand, the 18-foot skiff is a highly competitive and popular class of sailboats, characterized by its large sail area and high speed. In Europe, the Dragon is a classic one-design keelboat that has been popular for decades and is known for its elegant design and excellent performance.

Regardless of the specific class of sailboats used in racing, one thing remains constant : the need for skilled and experienced sailors who can navigate their boats through a wide range of conditions and challenges . Whether you’re racing a dinghy, a keelboat, a multihull, or some other type of sailboat, mastering the unique characteristics and challenges of your boat is key to achieving success on the water.

To become a successful sailboat racer , it’s important to not only master the technical skills needed to sail your boat effectively , but also to develop a deep understanding of the rules, tactics, and strategies that govern sailboat racing . By immersing yourself in the world of sailboat racing and learning from experienced sailors, you can build the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in this exciting and challenging sport.

In conclusion, participating in a race can be very enjoyable in both cases. The first case is where someone is learning the art of sailing or like in the second case where one could be trying to gain some prior expertise on the sea.

If winning the race is one’s main aim then the key thing to remember is to make sure that you tack at the right moments. To trim the sails to completely catch the wind and last but not least, to communicate well with the rest of the crew.

• Recent Posts

• The Role of Cargo Ships in Global Trade – August 22, 2024
• Report: Yang Ming’s YM Mobility Explosion at Ningbo-Zhoushan Port – August 9, 2024
• Understanding Drillships: Types, Key Features and Advancements – August 1, 2024

About the author

I worked as an officer in the deck department on various types of vessels, including oil and chemical tankers, LPG carriers, and even reefer and TSHD in the early years. Currently employed as Marine Surveyor carrying cargo, draft, bunker, and warranty survey.

Latest posts

The Quality Control Process in Marine Manufacturing

Companies in the marine manufacturing space must have tight and effective quality control processes. What steps should an effective quality control process include?

The Role of Cargo Ships in Global Trade

Contents show Volume of Goods Transported by Sea Key Global Trade Routes Economic Impact of Maritime Shipping Types of Cargo Commonly Transported Environmental Considerations Conclusion Cargo ships are the lifeline […]

What Are AGVs? Automation Becoming Increasingly Common in Seaports

What are AGVs? Automated guided vehicles can minimize the troubles of manual operations and enhance seaport operations.

Home  Competition  Offshore  PHRF  Boat Class Lookup

Boat Class Lookup

Copyright ©2018-2024 United States Sailing Association. All rights reserved. US Sailing is a 501(c)3 organization. Website designed & developed by Design Principles, Inc. -->