can sailboat capsize

How Often Do Sailboats Capsize: A Comprehensive Guide

Table of Contents

Introduction

1. Understanding Sailboat Stability

Before we dive into the topic of sailboat capsizing, it’s essential to grasp the concept of sailboat stability. Sailboats rely on a delicate balance between buoyancy, the shape of their hulls, and the distribution of weight. This equilibrium ensures that the boat remains upright and maintains its stability while maneuvering through water.

2. Factors Contributing to Sailboat Capsizing

Several factors can contribute to sailboat capsizing. Understanding these factors will help sailors make informed decisions to minimize the risk of capsizing incidents.

Weather Conditions

Adverse weather conditions, such as strong winds, high waves, and sudden storms, pose a significant risk to sailboats. Powerful gusts can exert excessive force on the sails, causing the boat to tip over or capsize. It’s crucial for sailors to monitor weather forecasts and avoid venturing into hazardous conditions.

Design and Stability Characteristics

The design and stability characteristics of a sailboat play a crucial role in its resistance to capsizing. Factors such as hull shape, keel design, and ballast contribute to a boat’s stability. Sailboats with deep keels and a low center of gravity are generally more stable and less prone to capsizing.

Improper Handling and Operator Error

Inexperienced sailors or those who fail to adhere to proper handling techniques are at a higher risk of capsizing their sailboats. Incorrect sail trim, excessive heeling, abrupt maneuvers, or overloading the boat can destabilize the vessel, leading to a capsize. It is essential for sailors to receive proper training and practice good seamanship.

3. Statistics on Sailboat Capsizing

To gain a better understanding of the frequency of sailboat capsizing, let’s explore some relevant statistics.

Global Incident Rates

Accurate global incident rates for sailboat capsizing are challenging to determine due to underreporting and varying definitions of “capsizing.” However, it is evident that capsizing incidents occur across different bodies of water worldwide.

Types of Sailboats Most Prone to Capsizing

Certain types of sailboats are more susceptible to capsizing than others. Small, lightweight dinghies and high-performance racing sailboats are more likely to capsize due to their design and the nature of their intended use. Larger cruising sailboats with keels and more stability tend to have a lower risk of capsizing.

Capsizing Incidents and Fatalities

While the majority of sailboat capsizing incidents do not result in fatalities, it is crucial to prioritize safety and minimize the risks involved. Fatalities can occur in extreme weather conditions or when proper safety measures are not followed.

4. Preventive Measures and Safety Tips

To reduce the likelihood of sailboat capsizing and ensure a safe sailing experience, consider the following preventive measures and safety tips:

Checking Weather Conditions

Always check weather forecasts before setting sail. Avoid venturing into adverse weather conditions, such as high winds or storms. Stay informed and have a backup plan if conditions worsen unexpectedly.

Proper Boat Maintenance and Rigging

Regular maintenance of your sailboat is essential for its seaworthiness. Inspect the rigging, sails, and hull for any signs of wear or damage. Ensure that all components are properly rigged and in good working condition.

Adequate Training and Experience

Obtain adequate training and gain experience before setting out on the open water. Learn the basics of sailing, including boat handling, navigation, and understanding weather patterns. Consider taking sailing courses or joining a sailing club to enhance your skills.

Safety Equipment and Emergency Preparedness

Equip your sailboat with essential safety equipment, including life jackets, flares, a first aid kit, and a functioning VHF radio. Familiarize yourself with emergency procedures and ensure that everyone on board knows how to use the safety equipment.

Understanding Sailboat Limits and Operating within Them

Every sailboat has its limits. Understand the capabilities and limitations of your boat, especially regarding wind conditions and weight capacity. Avoid overloading the boat and be mindful of the sailboat’s stability characteristics.

5. Conclusion

Sailboat capsizing is a concern for sailors worldwide. However, with proper knowledge, preparation, and adherence to safety guidelines, the risk of capsizing incidents can be significantly reduced. Understanding sailboat stability, recognizing contributing factors, and implementing preventive measures will ensure a safer and more enjoyable sailing experience for all enthusiasts.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. is capsizing a common occurrence for sailboats.

Capsizing incidents are relatively rare, especially when considering the vast number of sailboats worldwide. However, it is crucial to prioritize safety and take measures to minimize the risk of capsizing.

2. Are smaller sailboats more likely to capsize?

Yes, smaller sailboats, such as dinghies, tend to be more prone to capsizing due to their lightweight construction and design characteristics. However, proper handling and adherence to safety guidelines can mitigate the risk.

3. Can a sailboat capsize in calm weather conditions?

While capsizing is more commonly associated with adverse weather conditions, it is possible for a sailboat to capsize even in calm weather. Improper handling or operator error can destabilize the boat, leading to a capsize.

4. What should I do if my sailboat capsizes?

If your sailboat capsizes, remain calm and follow proper safety procedures. Stay with the boat, as it provides flotation. Signal for help if needed and follow appropriate rescue techniques.

5. Are there any specialized courses for learning how to prevent sailboat capsizing?

Yes, there are various sailing courses available that focus on safety and preventing capsizing incidents. These courses cover topics such as seamanship, boat handling techniques, and understanding weather conditions.

In conclusion, understanding the factors contributing to sailboat capsizing, maintaining proper sailboat stability, and following preventive measures are key to enjoying a safe and adventurous sailing experience. While sailboat capsizing incidents may occur, they can be minimized through knowledge, experience, and preparedness. By checking weather conditions, maintaining the sailboat, receiving adequate training, equipping with safety gear, and understanding the boat’s limits, sailors can navigate the waters with confidence. Remember, safety should always be a top priority to ensure a memorable and incident-free sailing journey.

Mark Alexander Thompson

Mark Alexander Thompson is a seasoned sailor with over five years of experience in the boating and yachting industry. He is passionate about sailing and shares his knowledge and expertise through his articles on the sailing blog sailingbetter.com. In his free time, Mark enjoys exploring new waters and testing the limits of his sailing skills. With his in-depth understanding of the sport and commitment to improving the sailing experience for others, Mark is a valuable contributor to the sailing community.

Recent Posts

Lagoon vs Leopard Catamaran: Which Sailboat Is Right for You?

Introduction When it comes to cruising on the open waters, catamarans have gained immense popularity for their stability, space, and comfort. Two of the leading catamaran manufacturers, Lagoon and...

How to Determine Sailboat Weight: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction Sailing is a thrilling and adventurous activity that has captivated humans for centuries. Whether you are a seasoned sailor or a novice looking to set sail for the first time,...

Better Sailing

How to Right a Capsized Sailboat

Capsize is the term used when a Sailboat is tilted at a 90º angle or turned over in the water. It has something to do with the movement of the crew weight or excess weight concentrated on the wrong side of the boat. It can also be due to too much power in the Sail.

In this section, learn how to avoid capsizing or deal with a small capsized sailing Dinghy :

How to Avoid Capsizing

• Familiarize yourself. Keep in mind that Capsizing is very common when sailing a small boat. This fact can make you prepared. Know the different situations where Capsizing becomes inevitable. Getting familiar with the causes can help you in avoiding them as you go afloat. It is wise to know the things you need to do if the boat capsizes. In protected waters with good conditions, practice dealing with a capsized boat. Get familiar with the steps to do to make the boat upright again. Make sure that you wear a Life Jacket. It will be better if you have someone on another boat to give assistance when necessary.
• Know your limitations. Sail within the limits of your skills and ability to respond to situations. Knowing how to make the boat upright when sailing a Dinghy or small boat is very crucial. If you do not know how to deal with a capsized boat, sail on a more stable one. Small Keelboats and other types of Dinghies are more stable and less likely to capsize. For obvious reasons, do not go afloat if the conditions are not favorable for Dinghy Sailing.
• Know how to reef a Dinghy. A Dinghy becomes easier to handle in strong Winds if it is reefed. Reefing, or reducing the Sail Area, is an important skill to learn. Knowing how to properly adjust the Sail area of a Dinghy while on the water can help you in keeping it upright.
• When Sailing Downwind Place crew weight astern and keep the boom down.
• When Sailing Upwind Place crew weight to windward. Slightly raise the Centerboard or Daggerboard to decrease the Heeling effect. Take control of the speed of the boat. It is more likely to capsize if it heels and slows down.

Knowing the causes of Capsizing will help you in avoiding it. In the event that your boat capsizes, do not get embarrassed. Having a capsized boat is not something to be ashamed of. Many sailors have their own share of experiences in getting their Dinghy capsized. The important thing is that you learn from the experience.

Methods of Righting a Capsized Boat

Dealing with a Capsized boat generally depends on the size of the Sailboat and on what circumstances you are sailing in. Wind and wave conditions at that particular time should be taken into consideration.

Here are some Techniques in Righting a Capsized Boat:

• Release the mainsheet and tiller and climb towards the opposite side.
• Climb over the top gunwale (top edge of the side of the Hull). Step over the sidedeck to reach the Daggerboard.
• Stand on the part of the Daggerboard nearest to the Hull and hold the gunwale.
• Pull the boat upright. Climb back to the boat as soon as it is upright again.
• Scoop Method The heavier person rights the boat by standing on the part of the Centerboard nearest to the Hull to pull the boat upright. The other person is scooped aboard. His weight will prevent the boat from another Capsizing once it is upright. In this method, release the mainsheet and jib sheets in order for the Mainsail to wave loosely when the boat is upright again.
• Walkover Method As the boat capsizes, you and your crew member should climb over the opposite side of the boat to reach the Centerboard. Climb back into the boat as soon as it is righted.
• Traditional Method Turn the boat in such a way that the Mast is downwind or the bow is pointed into the Wind. The first person should stand on the Centerboard, while the second crew member keeps the boat into the Wind. From the Stern, the first person boards the boat and helps the other crew member onboard.
• Righting an Inverted Boat The buoyancy distributed on the bottom and sides of the Hull makes a lot of Dinghies more at risk to turtle (turn completely upside down). In this situation, the Centerboard will likely to slip back into its case. When this happens, stand on the opposite gunwale and pull on a jib sheet or fixed righting line and lean out. Bring the boat to its horizontal or capsized position. Do the suitable Righting Technique to make the boat upright.

In recovering a Capsized boat, ensure that you and your crew (if you are sailing with another person) are safe at all times. Wear a Life Jacket afloat and remember to stay with or near the boat when it capsizes.

How to Right a Capsized Sailboat – Conclusion

Do not be embarrassed if your boat capsizes. In general, getting wet because your boat capsized is both a learning and fun experience. This is actually a good way to teach you several important skills in boat handling and techniques on how to deal with different situations.

Peter is the editor of Better Sailing. He has sailed for countless hours and has maintained his own boats and sailboats for years. After years of trial and error, he decided to start this website to share the knowledge.

Related Posts

Atlantic vs Pacific: Which is More Dangerous for Sailing?

Why Do Sailboats Lean?

How Does a Boat Sail Upwind? Unveiling the Mechanics of Against the Wind Sailing

How Does Sailing Work? The Physics of Sailing

• Buyer's Guide
• Destinations
• Maintenance
• Sailing Info

Hit enter to search or ESC to close.

• Multihull Sailor
• Real Estate
• Maintenance & Hardware
• Water Sports

Capsizing: What It Is and What to Do When It Happens

• 1 Understanding Capsizing
• 2 Staying Safe: Precautionary Measures
• 3 What to Do When Capsizing Occurs
• 4 Conclusion

Related Posts

The mere thought of capsizing sends shivers down the spine of anyone who enjoys the serenity of sailing, the thrill of kayaking, or the adventure of boating. This word, synonymous with the sudden overturning of watercraft, conjures images of distress and potential danger. Yet, understanding capsizing and being prepared to handle it is paramount for water enthusiasts.

In this blog, we delve into the realm of capsizing, demystifying its essence, and equipping you with essential knowledge on how to react should you find yourself in the midst of this disconcerting event. We’ll explore the causes, prevention measures, and the calm, calculated steps to take when capsizing becomes a reality. So, whether you’re a seasoned sailor or a novice kayaker, read on to learn how to navigate the turbulent waters of capsizing safely and confidently.

Understanding Capsizing

Capsizing occurs when a boat or watercraft overturns, causing it to flip upside down or on its side. This can happen for various reasons, including sudden gusts of wind, rough waters, improper weight distribution, or operator error. Capsizing can be a scary experience, and it’s important to know what to do if it happens to you.

Staying Safe: Precautionary Measures

The best way to deal with capsizing is to avoid it in the first place. Preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of capsizing and increase your safety on the water.

One of the leading causes of capsizing is improper weight distribution. Ensure that you evenly distribute the weight of passengers and cargo on your boat. Overloading one side can make your vessel unstable and prone to tipping.

Keep an eye on the weather forecast before heading out on the water. Sudden storms and strong winds can increase the likelihood of capsizing. Always be prepared and willing to change your plans if necessary. Make sure that every person on your boat is wearing a properly fitting life jacket. Life jackets provide buoyancy and can be a lifesaver in the event of capsizing.

A depth finder can help prevent capsizing indirectly by providing information about water depth and potential underwater hazards, allowing boaters to make informed decisions and avoid dangerous areas. However, capsizing prevention primarily depends on proper boating skills, safety practices, and situational awareness. Regularly maintain your boat to ensure it’s in good working condition. Check for leaks, damaged equipment, and other potential issues that could contribute to capsizing.

What to Do When Capsizing Occurs

Despite your best efforts, capsizing may still happen. If you are in this situation, follow these steps to stay safe and increase your chances of a successful recovery.

• Stay calm : The first and most crucial step is to stay calm. Panic can lead to poor decision-making, so take a deep breath and focus on the situation.
• Exit the boat : If possible, swim away from the boat as it may pull you underwater. If you have a life jacket, it will provide buoyancy and help you stay afloat.
• Account for everyone : Ensure that everyone on the boat is safe and accounted for. This is especially important if you are on a larger vessel with multiple passengers.
• Signal for help : If you are far from shore or in a remote area, signal for help. Use a whistle, a flashlight , or any other available signaling device to attract attention. In some cases, you may have access to a marine radio, which is especially useful for calling for assistance.
• Hypothermia awareness : Depending on the water temperature, hypothermia can set in quickly. If you’re in cold water, stay as still as possible to conserve energy and body heat. Huddle together with others if you can.
• Recovery and salvage : Once you’ve ensured everyone’s safety, you can focus on recovering your boat. This may involve righting the vessel or, in some cases, towing it to shore if it’s too damaged to continue.
• Learn from the experience : After the incident, take the time to reflect on what happened and how you could have prevented it. Learning from the experience can help you become a safer and more experienced boater.

Capsizing is a frightening experience that can happen to even the most experienced boaters. However, with the right precautions and knowledge of what to do in such a situation, you can increase your chances of staying safe. Always prioritize safety when on the water, and remember that preparation and calmness are your best allies in the event of capsizing. By following these guidelines and staying informed about safe boating practices, you can enjoy your time on the water with confidence and peace of mind.

Article Contributors

Sail magazine review team.

SAIL Magazine Review Team reports on best-selling products in sailing and boating. SAIL Magazine is reader-supported: When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Artificial Intelligence (large language models) may have been used in the research and creation of the content.

To ensure questions about product testing or a specific article are addressed, please contact [email protected]

How Often Do Sailboats Capsize & Sink?

‍ Key Takeaways

• Try to stay in the boat’s center for the best stability while sailing on smaller boats
• Make sure you have a working bilge pump before heading out to sea
• Many boats sink at the boat ramp due to collisions or other pilot errors
• A sunken boat cannot be saved without additional assistance
• Breaking waves could be dangerous in rough conditions that help capsize boats

‍ Sailboats are designed to float but there are times when disasters happen that could change that. So how often do sailboats sink?

Each year on average, roughly 200 sailboats capsize and sink, which is less than you would imagine for the amount of boats on the water. If you are dinghy sailing, these typically capsize but do not sink. According to US Coast Guard reports in 2020, there were 211 boats that capsized and sank.

After careful analysis, boat sinking is a lot less common compared to a hundred years ago. Thanks to proper education and technology, sailors have adapted to safer sailing experiences.

Table of contents

‍ What is the Likelihood of a Boat Capsizing and Sinking?

Boats capsize and sink for a variety of different reasons. If you know how to avoid those situations, you will likely be much safer and still have a working boat. Boats can capsize and only a select few are able to keep the boat from sinking.

US Coast Guard Statistics

The US Coast Guard reported 211 sinking boats in the year 2020. These numbers help shape an average for the number of sinking boats within a year.

Most of these accidents were user error, while a handful happened at the dock. The point is, no boat is safe from capsizing and sinking.

Type of Boat

When looking at ships, these are much higher sinking occurrences at two a week. There are a lot of vessels that go missing, so it is believed that many are sunk. It is estimated that thousands of boats sink each year but the type of boat matters in those statistics.

Understanding the Types of Capsizing That Leads to Sinking

There are two types of capsizing that boaters need to know. These are referred to as a knockdown or a turtle.

Knockdowns are also called flips in dinghy sailing. This is when the sails and mast are touching the water and the boat rests at a 90 degree angle.

Dinghies and catamarans can recover fairly easy from this situation. On a dinghy, the crew members should stand on the centerboard to help balance the weight of the boat. For a small catamaran, you would need a line on the upper hull to help pull.

Boats with keels will act a bit different depending on the situation in a knockdown. The crew can often add their weight to the side needed, but water pouring in certain spots may be too much to overcome.

A turtle is when a boat completely turns upside down and is likely going to sink. Dinghies and small catamarans can still turn things around from this situation, provided the crew is able to move the boat to a 90 degree angle from the added weight to the centerboard.

If you have a boat with a keel, this will need further assistance from a professional to help right the boat. Some boats are self-righting, but it varies on the type of keel and boat design. With any other type of vessel that turtles, you will likely need further assistance.

What Causes a Capsized Boat?

Many factors influence a boat to capsize and sink. Most of these should be common knowledge, but it is important to point out these situations so that sailors are better informed.

Flooding is the number one cause for ships to sink. As more water enters the boat, the more weight it adds.

Depending on where the water is coming in at will affect the weight distribution of the vessel. This causes the boat to lean or dive down quickly.

Collisions with an object or the ground can cause water to flood the boat. Depending on how bad boat hits something makes a difference on how fast the boat will take on water. This also affects the weight distribution, making the boat less stable and to potentially flip.

Larger boats are more susceptible to collisions since they require more time to safely come to a stop. Keep in mind that you can still do the same in a smaller boat.

Stability has Suffered

Multihull sailboats have much better stability than monohull boats. Sailboats with keels are also more stable.

If your boat is neither of those, you likely have less stability and could potentially capsize. With dinghy sailing, these are designed to move back and forth in the wind. This causes the boat to flip since it has less stability than others boats.

Bad Weather

Poor weather is the main cause of a sailboat or any vessel to capsize and sink. Since the ocean can be unpredictable in combination with weather, it creates a scary situation if the weather happens to be bad the day of sailing.

Pilot Error

A lot of times people make mistakes whether they are influenced by alcohol or something else. This is no different for operating a sailboat and the pilot makes a mistake.

Sometimes a pilot misreads the current situation on how rough the waves are and continues to sail when near a port. Other times it means failure to respond to dangerous situations due to lack of experience on the water.

Avoiding Preventative Maintenance

Sailboat owners need to routinely make adjustments and make sure the boat is working properly. Skipping out on maintenance could mean your boat does not function the correct way and you could capsize during unplanned conditions.

How to Prevent Capsizing and Sinking

A boat capsized is not a pretty sight while sailing and hopefully you never have to experience it. A lot of people believe that proper care can make sailboats unsinkable.

However, that is simply not true. Here are some tips to stay afloat in your sailboat and how to mitigate the risk.

Leave the Centerboard Alone

In boats that have a retractable centerboard you should always leave it all the way down while the sails are up. In the event you have run aground do not raise the centerboard. If you need to move the centerboard at all you must lower the sail to help lower your risk of capsizing.

Stay Seated

You should try your best to stay seated in smaller boats that tend to have a lot of influence in weight shifts. The weight shift messes with the boom or other parts of the boat needed to navigate safely.

Be Aware of the Wind

You should always keep your head on swivel for the latest wind changes. Sailors that can effectively monitor the wind and how it affects your boat will be one step ahead of any potential capsizing danger.

What to Do if Sailboats Tip Over?

No matter if you are a yacht owner or pilot on a sailboat, there are ways to help prepare for when a boat is tipping over. If your sailboat were to tip over, you should:

• Try to account for everyone that was on board
• Grab life jackets if you are already not wearing them
• Enter sailboat from bow or stern and never the sides
• Sit at bow and help bail water if you can (if applicable)
• Call for help

Related Articles

Daniel Wade

I've personally had thousands of questions about sailing and sailboats over the years. As I learn and experience sailing, and the community, I share the answers that work and make sense to me, here on Life of Sailing.

by this author

Learn About Sailboats

Most Recent

Affordable Sailboats You Can Build at Home

September 13, 2023

Best Small Sailboat Ornaments

September 12, 2023

Important Legal Info

Lifeofsailing.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon. This site also participates in other affiliate programs and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies.

Similar Posts

Discover the Magic of Hydrofoil Sailboats

December 11, 2023

Hunter Sailboats: Are They Built for Bluewater Cruising?

August 29, 2023

What Is A Furler On A Sailboat?

August 22, 2023

Popular Posts

Best Liveaboard Catamaran Sailboats

December 28, 2023

Can a Novice Sail Around the World?

Elizabeth O'Malley

June 15, 2022

4 Best Electric Outboard Motors

How Long Did It Take The Vikings To Sail To England?

10 Best Sailboat Brands (And Why)

December 20, 2023

7 Best Places To Liveaboard A Sailboat

Get the best sailing content.

Top Rated Posts

© 2024 Life of Sailing Email: [email protected] Address: 11816 Inwood Rd #3024 Dallas, TX 75244 Disclaimer Privacy Policy

Capsizing: Essential Tips for Prevention and Survival

Capsizing is a phenomenon that occurs when a boat or ship rolls on its side or turns upside down due to various factors, such as wave action, instability, or wind force. This can lead to devastating consequences for the vessel, its crew, and any passengers on board. Capsizing has been a critical focus throughout maritime history for engineers, sailors, and emergency responders alike in an effort to understand the causes, develop safety measures, and minimize the risks associated with this potentially fatal event.

Understanding the factors that contribute to capsizing is essential in order to take preventative measures and promote safety at sea. The stability of a vessel is a crucial element in determining its susceptibility to capsizing, and the type of vessel can play a significant role in how it reacts to external forces

. Additional factors such as weather conditions, the skill of the crew, and how a vessel is loaded also contribute to the likelihood of capsizing. By examining past incidents and learning from them, it is possible to develop strategies to mitigate the risks involved with capsizing and help prevent future occurrences.

Key Takeaways

• Capsizing involves a boat or ship rolling on its side or turning upside down, often with severe consequences
• Stability, vessel type, and external factors such as weather conditions can influence the likelihood of capsizing
• Examining past incidents allows for the development of preventative measures and improved safety at sea.

Understanding Capsizing

Capsizing refers to the process of a vessel, such as a boat or ship, overturning and ending up upside down in the water. This sudden and often violent event can occur due to a variety of reasons, including rough weather, improper loading, or operator error. When a vessel capsizes, it can pose a significant danger to sailors, crew members, and passengers on board.

There are different factors that might contribute to capsizing. One common cause is improper weight distribution . When there is an uneven distribution of weight, the stability of the vessel can be compromised, leading it to capsize . It's essential that load is evenly distributed during the process of loading the vessel to ensure its stability while on water.

The crew's movement on the boat can also impact stability; hence, it's crucial to maintain proper weight distribution throughout the journey.

Capsizing can also be a result of environmental conditions such as waves, wind, and water currents. Severe weather conditions, including heavy storms and high winds, create rough seas, which can make it difficult for a vessel to maintain stability. For example, large waves or strong winds can push a boat or ship beyond its angle of positive static stability , causing it to overturn in the water.

Another potential factor in capsizing is operator error . Inexperienced or careless boat handling can lead to situations where a vessel may overturn due to abrupt directional changes, navigating in rough waters, or failing to account for the vessel's limitations.

To mitigate the risk of capsizing, it's essential to understand and respect the vessel's limits and capabilities. Proper maintenance and operation, understanding weather conditions, and regular evaluation of the vessel's stability through factors such as loading and weight distribution can help to ensure a safe and enjoyable time on the water.

In the event of a capsize, the priority is to ensure the safety of all passengers and crew and to attempt to right the vessel . Precautionary measures, including life jackets and emergency plans, should be in place to deal with such situations effectively.

The Science of Stability

Vessel stability is a critical factor in ensuring the safety of ships and their crew. It refers to a vessel's ability to maintain balance and maintain its upright position despite the forces acting upon it, such as waves and wind.

A basic principle governing a vessel's stability is the relationship between its center of gravity (G) and the metacentric height (GM). The metacentric height is the distance between the center of gravity and the metacenter (M), a point where the line of action of the buoyant force intersects the vessel's centerline. A higher GM value indicates better stability, as the vessel is less likely to capsize.

External factors, such as waves, can significantly impact a ship's stability. In beam seas, for instance, waves striking the vessel's sides at a 90-degree angle can induce roll motion. This roll motion can lead to potential capsizing events if the oscillations become too large, surpassing the vessel's designed stability limits.

Wind forces are another aspect to consider when analyzing a ship's stability. The wind's effect on a vessel's sail area or superstructure can cause a heeling force, pushing the vessel to one side. This, in turn, could result in a loss of stability if the vessel's GM value is not sufficient to counteract these forces.

In summary, a vessel's stability is determined by a complex interplay between its center of gravity, metacentric height, and the forces acting upon it, such as waves and wind. Ensuring that a ship is designed to withstand these forces is critical to maintaining its safety at sea.

Factors Leading to Capsizing

Capsizing is a dangerous event that can affect various types of boats, leading to loss of life and property. Several factors contribute to capsizing, and it is crucial to understand and minimize these risks for a safe boating experience.

One leading factor in capsizing is the speed of the vessel. High-speed boats can capsize when turning too fast, causing the boat to lose balance and tip over.

Excessive speed may also result in loss of stability, particularly in smaller boats, due to the motion of the water. It is essential to maintain appropriate speeds and remain vigilant in observing speed limits and water conditions.

Load distribution plays a significant role in maintaining a boat's stability. An unbalanced weight distribution can cause a ship to become unstable and overturn. Overloading is another significant concern, as it adds unnecessary weight to the vessel, lowering its center of gravity and increasing the risk of capsizing. Proper weight distribution and adhering to loading guidelines are crucial for avoiding capsizing.

Weather conditions, such as storms, heavy rain, and strong winds, can greatly influence a boat's stability. In particular, smaller boats are more susceptible to capsizing due to weather elements.

Large waves and rough water surfaces can cause boats to become unstable and eventually capsize. It is vital to monitor the weather forecasts and avoid venturing into the water with unfavorable conditions.

Collisions are another potential cause of capsizing. A boat's stability may be compromised when it collides with another vessel, an underwater object, or even a large wave. In cases of collision, the impact force can cause the boat to lose its balance and capsize. It is crucial to maintain a safe distance from other watercraft and objects while navigating the waterways.

In conclusion, various factors, including speed, load distribution, overloading, weather conditions, and collisions, can lead to capsizing. By being aware of these risks and taking necessary precautions, boaters can enjoy a safe and enjoyable time on the water.

Types of Vessels and Their Susceptibility

Boats and ships differ in size and purpose, which affects their susceptibility to capsizing. Generally, smaller vessels like canoes , kayaks , small dinghies , and lifeboats are more prone to capsizing due to their lower stability and higher sensitivity to wind and waves. However, even larger vessels like ferries and sailboats can experience capsizing if certain conditions are met, such as imbalance of weight, equipment damage, or human error 1 .

Canoe and kayak capsizing is usually caused by paddler inexperience, strong currents, or unpredictable water conditions. Staying low in the vessel and maintaining good balance can significantly reduce the risk of capsizing in canoes and kayaks 2 .

Sailboats and ferries are exposed to higher wind forces due to their larger sail area or superstructure. These forces can create a significant heeling moment, which can lead to capsizing if not properly managed 3 . For sailboats, this can be mitigated by adjusting the sails or mast angle. Ferries, on the other hand, can benefit from modern stability systems and regular maintenance checks to minimize the risk of capsizing 4 .

Small dinghies and lifeboats have a higher risk of capsizing due to their smaller size, lighter construction, and vulnerability to waves or wakes from passing vessels. These small vessels should be operated with caution, especially in rough or crowded water conditions 5 .

Speedboats , which are designed for speed and agility, may also be susceptible to capsizing if not operated properly. Factors such as sharp turns, excessive speed, or sudden changes in direction can result in instability, potentially leading to a capsize 6 . Operators of speedboats should always prioritize safety and stay within the vessel's operating limits to prevent such incidents.

In conclusion, the susceptibility of different vessels to capsizing varies depending on their size, design, and operational conditions. By understanding these factors and operating all types of watercraft with care, the risk of capsizing can be effectively reduced.

Safety Measures and Survival

Capsizing of large vessels can lead to life-threatening situations, making it crucial to implement safety measures and adopt survival techniques. From the moment of capsizing, the priority is always the safety of the crew and passengers . The captain or a designated crew member should assess the situation and evaluate the risks, determining the best course of action based on the severity of the capsizing.

One critical aspect of safety is ensuring that all members on board are equipped with personal flotation devices (PFDs). PFDs help reduce the risk of drowning and make it easier for survivors to stay afloat while awaiting rescue.

In some cases, vessels may be designed to self-right, where the natural buoyancy and design of the boat enables it to return to its upright position following a capsize. However, many boats, particularly small recreational crafts, do not have this capability. Crew and passengers should be familiar with capsize recovery techniques such as those involving the use of paddles, ropes, and other flotation devices.

Lifeboats play a critical role in the survival of crew and passengers. Properly maintained and equipped lifeboats provide a safe and secure means of escape. Regular drills should be conducted to ensure familiarity with the process of launching and boarding lifeboats.

Communication channels also become crucial during such emergencies. A vessel or its survivors should establish contact with the Coast Guard or other rescue units through radio calls or other signaling devices, including flares and EPIRBs (Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon).

In addition to implementing adequate safety measures, it is essential to stay informed about potential causes and warning signs of capsizing. By understanding the risks and limitations of boat design and stability , crew and passengers can practice proactive safety measures and be prepared for emergencies. This includes ensuring proper loading, avoiding overloading, and carefully navigating through adverse weather conditions.

Overall, enacting a comprehensive set of safety measures and remaining knowledgeable about capsizing risks can significantly increase a crew's chances of survival during such emergencies.

Notable Capsizing Incidents

In recent years, there have been several capsizing incidents, some of which have resulted in significant loss of life and damage to the vessels involved. One such incident was the capsizing of the Costa Concordia , a cruise ship carrying over 4,000 passengers and crew, which ran aground off the coast of Italy in 2012. The disaster led to the deaths of 32 people and required a complex salvage operation.

Another example is the Golden Ray, a cargo ship that capsized off the Georgia coast in 2019. The incident was caused by incorrect calculations about the vessel's stability, resulting in more than $200 million in damage. The salvage operation for the Golden Ray, which began in 2020, is ongoing.

Capsizing can also be particularly tragic when involving vessels transporting migrants. For instance, in the Mediterranean Sea, numerous overcrowded boats carrying migrants have capsized, resulting in hundreds of fatalities. These disasters highlight the dangers faced by migrants attempting to reach Europe on unsafe vessels.

The Seacor Power, a lift boat, capsized off the coast of Louisiana in April 2021 during a storm. At the time of the incident, the boat had 19 people aboard; six were rescued, one was found dead, and 12 more went missing. The incident raised concerns about safety regulations and vessel design in the offshore energy industry.

In summary, capsizing incidents can result from a variety of factors, such as incorrect stability calculations, overcrowding, and severe weather conditions. They often lead to significant loss of life and damage to the vessels involved, highlighting the need for improved safety measures and vigilance when operating or traveling on any vessel at sea.

Capsizing in Context

Capsizing refers to the act of a boat or ship overturning, usually accidentally, while on water. It is a term commonly used in the maritime industry and is an essential concept to understand when discussing boat safety. Capsizing can be both a transitive verb, "to cause to overturn," and an intransitive verb, "to become upset or overturned" as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary .

The term "capsid" is unrelated to capsizing. Capsid is a term in biology, referring to the protein shell surrounding a virus's genetic material. The correlation between the term "capsid" and "capsizing" is only phonetic, and they have entirely different meanings and applications.

When discussing capsizing in Spanish, it is vital to use the appropriate adjectives and terminology. In this language, capsizing is referred to as "volcar" or "zarandear," and proper usage will ensure clear communication among Spanish-speaking individuals in the maritime industry.

In the study of language and linguistics, corpora play a significant role in understanding word usage and context. Corpora are large collections of written and spoken texts, which help researchers analyze language patterns. The Cambridge Dictionary cites capsizing as "to ( cause a boat or ship to) turn upside down by accident while on water", providing an example of the term's usage in context.

Cambridge University Press, one of the world's leading academic publishers, is a valuable resource for materials related to capsizing and maritime safety. The institution's extensive collection of publications offers valuable information and insights on the subject, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the nuances and importance of capsizing as a topic.

When using the term "capsizing" in any language or context, it is crucial to apply it accurately and with proper understanding. Through the study of linguistics, dictionaries, and academic publications, the importance of clear communication and accurate language usage can be emphasized, ensuring that maritime safety and knowledge are upheld to the highest standards.

Preventing Overturns

One of the most critical factors in preventing capsizing or overturning of a boat is understanding and maintaining the vessel's stability. A stable boat has a low center of gravity, which helps it to stay upright even in challenging conditions. Both the design of the hull and the placement of objects within the boat, such as passengers, cargo, and equipment, significantly impact stability.

To maintain actual stability, it is essential to avoid overloading your boat. Distribute the weight in the boat evenly, not only from port to starboard but also from bow to stern and throughout the hold , ensuring the vessel is properly balanced. Overloading or uneven weight distribution can cause the boat to tilt, making it susceptible to pitch and capsize when navigating through waves or during sudden maneuvers.

The deck should be cleared of any unnecessary or loose items that could shift or slide during operation, creating an imbalance in the boat. Make sure that any storage compartments or tanks are secured, as their unexpected movement can also impact your boat’s stability.

When operating a boat, it is essential to be mindful of the conditions on the water. Waves or wind can dramatically affect your boat's stability, mainly if your vessel has a high deck or a raised center of gravity. Keep an eye out for unexpected changes in weather and be prepared to adjust your navigation as needed.

In case your boat flips and becomes a turtle, meaning it turns upside-down, your best chance of survival is to stay calm and prepare to exit the vessel as quickly and safely as possible. Orient yourself to the surrounding water and find your way to the surface.

Lastly, make sure you are familiar with your boat's capabilities and limitations. Each vessel is designed differently, affecting its overall stability. Know your boat's specific features, such as the design of the hull , deck , and bow , along with its recommended passenger and cargo capacities, to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience on the water.

By following these guidelines and understanding your boat's design and stability, you can significantly reduce the risk of capsizing or overturning, ensuring a safe and enjoyable boating experience for everyone onboard.

The Aftermath of a Capsize

When a capsize occurs, coping with the immediate consequences is crucial for the safety of those onboard. In most cases, passengers will find themselves submerged with the overturned vessel, so finding an exit and locating life jackets becomes a priority. It's important to remember that the port (left) side of a sailboat should still be accessible even if the vessel is overturned.

Once the crew is safely out of the capsized sailboat, assessing the situation is the next step. While some capsized vessels may be salvageable and can be righted, others might be beyond saving, already sinking or even sunk. In such cases, the emphasis shifts to finding rescuers and staying afloat until help arrives. Maintaining communication with the shoreline or nearby boats can be a challenge, but leveraging any available radio equipment or flares can make a significant difference.

Capsized vessels are generally investigated by authorities in order to determine the cause of the incident. In some cases, search and rescue operations may continue for several days, as documented by news reports . The US Coast Guard and local marine services often work in tandem to conduct search and rescue missions, braving choppy waters and other hazards to help locate missing individuals.

Throughout the entirety of the aftermath, remaining calm and clear-headed is key to effectively navigating this tumultuous event. Knowledgeable sailors understand the risks involved in sailing, and proper preparation can make a difference in the outcome of a capsizing. With appropriate training, skills, and equipment, those onboard can confront capsizes with confidence and increase their chances of a safe resolution.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can i prevent a boat from capsizing.

To prevent a boat from capsizing, it is essential to follow safety precautions and maintain stability. First, be aware of the surrounding conditions, such as high waves or strong winds, and avoid them if possible. Ensure that all gear is secured and everyone on board is wearing a life jacket CGAA . Additionally, distribute weight evenly across the boat and avoid overloading or sudden movements that could compromise its balance.

What are the common causes of capsizing?

Common causes of capsizing include wave action , high winds, abrupt turns, and improper weight distribution. Additionally, a boat may capsize if it is structurally compromised, inadequately maintained, or encounters large waves or other hazardous conditions.

How do you recover from a capsized boat?

Recovering from a capsized boat depends on the size and type of boat, as well as the severity of the situation. Small sailboats, such as dinghies, can often be manually righted by their crew Wikipedia . In the event of a more severe capsizing, the priority becomes the safety of the passengers and crew. Assess the situation and risks, and follow the guidance of the captain or designated crew member CGAA .

Is it possible for large ships to capsize?

Yes, large ships can capsize, although it is relatively rare. Due to their size and engineering, large vessels often have more built-in stability mechanisms. However, in extreme conditions or if the ship's structural integrity is compromised, capsizing can still occur Ocean Marine .

What are the safety measures to follow during a capsizing incident?

During a capsizing incident, the primary objective is to ensure the safety of all passengers and crew members. Always wear life jackets, maintain clear communication, and follow the directions of the captain or designated crew member. If abandoning the vessel becomes necessary, gather essential supplies, stay together, and try to stay afloat using flotation devices until rescue arrives CGAA .

How does the design of a boat affect its stability and capsizing risk?

The design of a boat can significantly impact its stability and risk of capsizing. Factors such as hull shape, materials, and center of gravity are crucial in determining its ability to withstand external forces or recover from a tipping motion. Proper engineering, regular maintenance, and attention to safety features all contribute to a boat's stability and lower the risk of capsizing Marine Insight .

• Capsizing - Wikipedia ↩
• Kayak Safety - American Canoe Association ↩
• Ship - Dynamic Stability, Buoyancy, Trim | Britannica ↩
• Maritime Safety Management - International Maritime Organization ↩
• Chapter 8 - Keep your vessel stable - Transport Canada ↩
• Tips to Avoid a Speedboat Accident - BoatUS Magazine ↩

Boat Reviews

• Boats Specs
• Marine Pros
• Boat Insurance
• Boat Warranties
• Boat Transport
• Boat Towing
• Marine Forecasts

Your Ultimate Boating Resource

A Guide to Recovering from a Sailboat Capsize

Sailboat capsizing can be a frightening experience, especially for inexperienced sailors. But understanding how to recover from a capsized boat is part and parcel of sailing. This guide will walk you through the steps of recovering from a sailboat capsize, as well as some tips to ward off such an incident.

Why Capsizes Occur

Capsizing can take place for different reasons, including sudden gusts of wind, choppy seas, or when the captain loses command of the boat. Most often capsizes result from several factors combining forces, like abrupt changes in wind direction, unequal weight distribution among crew members, or improper sail trimming. It’s essential to remember that capsizing is typical when navigating small boats or while learning to sail. Knowing the proper techniques for recovery is integral to your growth as a sailor.

Principles of Survival After Capsizing

If you capsize, don’t panic. This is only a bad thing if it delays your decision-making and preparation, or makes you entirely unprepared for what is to come. Here are some principles to follow that will ensure your survival

Remain Collected

Fear is a natural response to being thrown into the sea, but it’s essential that you keep your composure. Panic will cloud judgement and make it more difficult to think rationally.

Check for Survivors

The most pressing task after a capsized boat is to guarantee everyone has returned to safety. Take count and make sure everyone has something to cling onto or can be hoisted onto the hull of the boat.

Treat Injuries

Examine the scene to look for any injuries that may have occurred. Provide the necessary medical attention. Ask for help if you need to. 

Don Life Jackets

Everyone should don their life jackets if they haven’t already done so. Securely attach them, ensuring they are adequately fitted and provide enough buoyancy.

Stay with the Boat

Unless the boat is sinking or irreparably damaged, stay with the vessel as opposed to attempting to swim to land or another vessel. Rescuers can much easier spot a capsized boat than separate swimmers.

Rescuing the sailboat

Make sure everyone is medically treated and cared for, prepare the boat for rescue. Ensure that everyone is securely positioned. Watch for your belongings as you get the boat ready.

Unfurl the Sails

Release and slacken all sails to prevent a recurrence of capsizing while raising the boat. Keep your head low!

Climb Aboard

Taking position on the leeward side of the sailboat, locate the centerboard or dagger board. Depending on the boat, it might need to be pulled out manually. Climb onto and use your body weight to leverage your craft back up.

Lift Her Up

Lean back against the board and aim to bring the top of the mast from beneath the raging waves. Kick your legs in an effort to generate additional force as you slowly raise her into a standing position. Hurry aboard afterward.

Bail Out All Water

Boats tend to accumulate water in their cockpit after capsize. Utilize a bucket or manual pump to remove as much of this liquid as possible for stability and control. Ready yourself for reclaiming what was once yours: The sea.

Avoiding Disaster

To ensure your thrilling sailing adventures remain safe, remember these tips:

Master Your Art

Savage the elements with skill and finesse. Enhancing your knowledge of how your boat performs in different winds and waves will equip you to handle tricky situations and dodge capsizing.

Keep Watch for Wind Shifts

Anything from a light breeze to a fierce gust can change the course of events in an instant. Monitor the wind direction and speed, being wary when turbulence increases.

Distribute Weight Wisely

The right balance of crew weight is key for steering clear of disaster. Keep it low and centered inside the vessel and be on the ready, able to shift when necessary.

Equip Yourself for Safety

Invest in flotation devices like masthead balloons and righting lines, so if the worst happens, you can count on them to help restore control fast.

When the waves churn and your vessel is overturned, you can take comfort in knowing that the art of recovery is a skill that comes with practice. Don’t let panic overtake you; view every capsizing as an opportunity to hone your abilities on the open seas. With bravery and ambition, you can make the most of any sailing voyage.

RELATED ARTICLES

Overview of the 2024 sea-doo rxp-x 325, overview of the 2024 parker offshore 2900 cc, what your boat’s beam is and why it matters, power cats of 2024: ultimate guide to the top power catamarans this year, navigating the heat: 10 safety tips for a safe boat ride in the summer heat, latest posts, don't miss, our newsletter.

Get the latest boating tips, fishing resources and featured products in your email from BoatingWorld.com!

What type of wood is used for pier pilings?

What is the difference between a dock and a floating pier, what is the proper technique for pulling a beginner wakeboarder, what does ‘no wake’ mean on a lake, what is the difference between wash and wake, highs, lows, and tidal know-how: a deep dive into ocean currents, 10 essential tips for fishing near private property, the benefits of using a drift sock: guidance for anglers, lure fishing: secrets for imitating live bait and attracting fish, explore the untapped depths of america’s best bass fishing spots, outboard motor maintenance: tips for keeping your engine in top shape, the essential boat tool kit: tools every boater needs, diy boat building: 8 tips and tricks for building your own vessel, the art of miniature maritime craftsmanship: ship in a bottle, antifouling paints: a guide to keeping your boat shipshape, beginner’s guide to standup paddle boarding: tips and techniques, boating for fitness: how to stay active on the water, kayak safety: how to stay safe on the water, anchoring in a kayak or canoe: how to secure your small boat, overview of the 2024 yamaha 252sd, overview of the 2024 tiara yachts 48 le, overview of the 2024 bass cat jaguar sts, 2024 pursuit os 445: an overview, 2024 aquila 47 molokai review, 2024 sea-doo switch 13 sport review, gear reviews, megabass oneten max lbo jerkbait review, fortress anchors fx-7 anchoring system review, fortress anchors fx-11 anchoring system review, fortress anchors commando anchor kit review, fortress anchors aluminum anchors review, stay in touch.

To be updated with all the latest news, offers and special announcements.

• Privacy Policy

Your source for the latest news on yachts, boats and more. Read through our articles to find out how to compare boats and find the right fit for you!

What is a Sailboat Capsize Ratio and how to measure it

Aug 05, 2020

less than a min

As a boat owner, there are many formulas and ratios that you should know about. Do not worry if you are new to the whole marine and naval realm, however. There is always time to learn more if you are willing to. Here is a summary of what a sailboat capsize ratio is. 

A sailboat capsizes ratio is a parameter used to show whether a boat can recover from an inverted, capsized position or not. This term was mainly developed after the Fastnet race disaster . This was a 1979 race where a storm destroyed several yachts during the last day of the race, also causing 19 victims. Since then, tank tests have been developed to offer a prediction on how likely is a boat to recover after capsizing. 

The capsize ratio is a good indicator of what the boat is designed for. For example, if a boat has been designed to be used at sea, then it will have been equipped with features to make it more stable and prevent it from flipping over or capsizing. The capsize screen in this case can have a value below 2. 

A capsize of over 2 does not necessarily mean a bad thing. Boats with such a capsize value are better for coastal cruising as they offer higher form stability and a larger interior. In addition, these boats sail closer to the shore which allows them to return to safety in no time in case of a disaster.

How to measure the sailboat capsize ratio

There are several online calculators that can help you figure out your sailboat’s capsize ratio . These calculators are based on the capsize screening formula defined as below:

Capsize Screening Formula = Beam / ((Displacement/64.2)1/3)

The displacement in this formula is measured in pounds . This formula does not take into consideration the location of the ballast or the shape of the hull. In terms of understanding the value here’s the gist. The lower the value, the less likely is the sailboat considered to capsize. If the value is 2, then the boat is still accepted to take part in races, although this might depend on the race committee. 

The sailboat capsize ratio is also related to the displacement and beam. Therefore, two sailboats can have the same value if they also have the same displacement and beam. Their stability however could differ although they have the same capsize value. 

All in all, the sailboat capsize ratio is more important when related to racing sailboats used further from the shore. This parameter is not a crucial one to take into consideration when analyzing a chartered yacht or any sailboat intended for pleasure. 

You might like these too

Sailboat or Motorboat – Learn the pros and cons

Aug 24, 2022

Types of Catamaran Boats: Sailing, Power, and Luxury Catamarans

Feb 10, 2023

Which is better a wooden boat or fiberglass boat

What are the main types of sail rigs for sailboats

Which is the Best Economical Catamaran

Oct 04, 2021

What is a Chine on a Boat

Oct 01, 2021

How to Keep a Small Sailboat from Capsizing…and what to do if it does

By John McCabe

Keeping weight to windward and the centerboard (or daggerboard) fully lowered will reduce the boat’s tendency to capsize in a breeze. Photo courtesy of Rick Bannerot/OntheFlyPhoto.net

On my second date with a young lady in the early 1960s, she and I were sailing on a 19-foot Lightning on the Navesink River in New Jersey. The weather was picture-perfect, and my date was all dressed up for a day on the water. I was at the tiller. At some point I had to announce calmly that we were going to capsize. Reflecting back on what she heard, she recalls that she had a couple of seconds to think about what that meant, then, suddenly, she was up to her neck in the water. It all worked out OK though – we’ll soon be celebrating our 50th wedding anniversary! I have had the opportunity to be on a number of boats since then and have learned some important lessons on how to keep a small sailboat from capsizing and what to do if it does.

Have in mind that any sailboat can capsize, but let’s describe what “capsize” means. The mainsail prevents most boats from going over more than 90 degrees – at least for a short time. The mast, if made of metal, is hollow, and the air in the mast will keep it afloat, at least until it fills with water. With a sailboat with a fixed keel, the weight of the keel will right the boat more or less fairly soon. While sailing with a centerboard, the board will inhibit the boat from capsizing and like a keel, will push the boat forward when the wind hits the boat at an angle, rather than moving the boat directly sideways. When a sailboat has its centerboard down, the boat will be less likely to capsize, but if it does, the centerboard will help. With a little effort the centerboard will indeed help right the boat as discussed below.

What causes a small sailboat to capsize? It is often the misalignment of weight, not just the wind. Indeed, even in light wind, if the weight is misaligned, the boat can tip over. Weight sources are people and importantly the boom! When the weight of people is on one side, the tipping of the boat will cause the boom to move to that side by the force of gravity, not necessarily the wind. Indeed, in light winds the force of gravity on the boom can have a greater effect on the position of the boom than the force of the wind! Thus, in light air there is still the potential of capsizing if both the weight of people and boom are on one side. This brings us to the first rule that must be followed:

Rule 1: The centerboard must be fully down at all times when a sail is up.

Now, there may be times with the boat goes aground. For a keelboat, you can put the motor in reverse as strong as possible to see if the boat can be backed out of the mud or sand. At the same time you can try to rock the boat. For a small sailboat with the centerboard down, you can try to use the motor. Preferably, however, you should use an oar to push off from the bottom or oars to row off the bottom. The outboard motor propeller, if made of plastic, is meant to break if it hits a rock or a hard bottom. At this point, it is very tempting to raise the centerboard a few inches to loosen the boat from the bottom. But do not do this – you risk capsizing! First, take the sail down. Then maneuver the boat off the bottom using the oars, motor or other method. Again, fully lower the sail before raising the centerboard even an inch. Note Rule 1, above.

Rule 2: Don’t stand up in a small sailboat when underway.

This rule helps in weight distribution in as least three ways. First, because of the boom, it may be harder to move your body to the correct location on the boat, and second, if the boom, because of gravity or the wind, hits your body (hopefully not your head), it reinforces the force to capsize the boat at a higher center of gravity. Third, if your body or head is at or above the level of the boom, the boom cannot move to let the air out of the mainsail. This exacerbates the force that will tip the boat. Note that standing up is not the sole factor that can cause a boat to capsize, but it can be a contributing factor. At all times, keep low and be prepared to uncleat the mainsheet and let the sail out. Be prepared to shift weight rapidly if necessary, but otherwise keep a low profile and move slowly. In summary, don’t stand up in a small sailboat, except perhaps while boarding.

If you’ve capsized, climb onto the centerboard, grab the rail and use your weight to lever the boat upright. Note the empty 1-gallon bottle tied to the masthead, which helps prevent the boat from turning turtle. Photo courtesy of Rick Bannerot/OntheFlyPhoto.net

Rule 3: Be prepared at all times to let out the mainsheet or turn into the wind, or both, in moderate or heavy winds.

The recommendation here is the sailors should at all times know where the wind is coming from, its force, and where your boat is in relation to the wind. Keep your hand on the mainsheet so that it can be loosened and readjusted easily at any time. Also, keep your hand on the tiller so that the direction of the boat can be adjusted promptly. At all times be prepared to unclog the main sheet and let the sail out. Also, when do you reef the main sail? As soon as you think of it! – old sailor wisdom. Note that the farther the boom and sail are let out the more weight is put toward the side where the boom is located. But, ironically, you should let the sail out because it will catch less wind! Let it out a little or a lot, in your judgment. Alternatively, turn the boat into the wind. The preferred approach is to choose your direction, and then adjust the sails to achieve that direction, if possible.

Once you are on a tack in a small boat, do not jibe (change direction by turning in the direction the wind is blowing towards) except in light winds because you risk capsizing. Always “come about” (turn in the direction the wind is coming from) and call out in a strong enough voice “COMING ABOUT!” so all on board know what is happening and can change their position to be on the windward side of the boat. You can also say, “hard to lee” meaning the tiller is moved quickly and fully to the leeward side of the boat (in the direction the wind is blowing toward) forcing the boat to turn into the wind. Always have the mainsheet in hand, and I would suggest wearing gloves. Gloves also keep the sailor’s hands from getting sunburned, an added benefit. In summary, when at risk for capsize, let out the mainsheet and/or turn into wind. Preferably, let out the mainsheet.

Climb back aboard from the bow or stern. Attempting to board from the side may cause the boat to flip again. Photo courtesy of Rick Bannerot/OntheFlyPhoto.net

Rule 4: On a small sailboat, do not use the motor when the sail is up.

This rule may surprise some sailors. In a larger boat with a keel, you need to turn the motor on before bringing down the main sail because you will have no control over the boat direction when there are no sails up. On the other hand, in a small centerboard sailboat, if the motor is on and the crew is in the process of taking down the sails there is a risk of capsizing while the motor is in gear. This is dangerous because the prop will continue to turn even with the boat turned over 90 degrees. That presents a risk to those who may at that point be in the water. Understand that the motor can keep running if the boat capsizes unless it is shut off either by twisting the handle or using a magnetic disk release (See Rule 5). On a small sailboat, the motor must be off when taking the sails down. The boat will naturally head into the wind if the tiller is let go.

Rule 5: Use a magnetic disk engine shutoff and wristband when two or more people are on the boat.

Some electric outboard motors have a magnetic disk and a pad that will shut the motor off when and if the magnetic disk is separated from the pad. The magnetic disk has a wristband that may be used by the operator holding the tiller on the outboard. It is a good idea to use this wristband when underway with the outboard in gear. This is particularly true when there are two or more individuals on board a small boat. Again, if the boat capsizes or there is a man overboard, the motor will continue to run and the propeller turn unless the motor is shut off. This may be hard to do in an urgent situation or if a sudden, unexpected event occurs.

What to do if the small sailboat capsizes

A small sailboat may capsize, but it can be expected to turn over initially not more than about 90 degrees. This is enough to fill the boat with water and if left in that position, the mast may go down further in the water making the challenge of righting the boat more difficult. Accordingly, if the boat capsizes, take the following steps as quickly as possible:

• Account for all who were on board. Grab the lifejackets and put them on. Of course, make sure the life jackets are easily accessible before departure. [Better still, put them on before leaving the dock – Ed.] For inexperienced passengers, make sure their lifejackets are on before putting on your lifejacket. Of course, children 12 and under must wear lifejackets at all times. Always have lifejackets on board for all persons on board. An extra lifejacket can be tied to or placed on the top of the mast, which will keep the mast from sinking further into the water.
• Swim to the bottom side of the boat and stand on the centerboard, grabbing the rail until the boat rights itself. The boat will still be full of water, but it’s unlikely to sink. The water may even be at a level that is slightly below the edges of the coamings. However, water may be sloshing in and out of the boat at this time.
• Then enter the boat from either the bow or the stern – not the side. The bow will usually be better as the weight on the bow will not result in lowering the cockpit below the waterline and the motor in the back represents weight there. Hopefully, if there is a hole in the stern for the tiller, that hole will be moved above the waterline. The boat will float but it can still take on water. If’t is easier to board the boat from the stern, that’s OK too.
• Once in the cockpit, grab a bucket placed in the boat earlier (note boat inventory list below). Then, move to the forward side of cockpit to sit and bail. Why? The hole in the stern for the rudder will let in water and you may prevent this by being in the forward end of the cockpit. The tiller should be free, and the boat will normally point into the wind. Next, lower the sails if you can in this timeframe.
• The best position to sit when bailing out the boat is the forward portion of the cockpit, i.e., towards the bow. The crew member in the cockpit should place his or her back against the front of the cockpit (bow end of the coaming). If a second person is present, he or she should be in water at the bow to hold down the bow. Positioning the boat like a banana will aid in the bailout. Using the bucket, the crew member in the cockpit should bail the water out of the cockpit furiously in the beginning, until the water in the boat is at a level that he or she can bail at a more comfortable pace. It is quite feasible to remove 100% of the water from the boat using a combination of the bucket, a hand bilge pump and a sponge. When most of the water is out of the boat, a crew member in the water can enter the boat from the stern (not the side), being careful not to tip the boat over again.
• Wave for help if necessary. Also, if possible, a “Mayday” can be sent on VHF channel 16, monitored by the U.S. Coast Guard, or call 911 on your cell phone. Hopefully, the sail can be hoisted again and the boat can proceed to its destination.

Small Boat Inventory Checklist

John McCabe is a professional artist with a focus on portraiture (www.mccabestudio.com). He has studios in Milford, CT and Great Falls, VA. He and his wife, Peggy, have four children and seven grandchildren. They all sail out of Milford Harbor.

Share this:

Previous article, next article, leave a reply cancel reply.

You must be logged in to post a comment.

Common Causes of Capsizing and How to Avoid Them

Capsizing is one of the scariest things that can happen when you’re on a boat. It brings serious safety risks, including injuries and even fatalities. Plus, it can cause major damage to your boat and its contents.

This article aims to shed light on why boats capsize and offer practical tips to prevent such incidents.

Understanding Capsizing

Capsizing is a serious and dangerous event , but knowing why it happens can help prevent it.

A boat flips over when its centre of gravity moves too far from the base, making it unstable. This shift might be caused by waves or wind pushing against the boat.

It could also happen because of how things are loaded inside or due to people moving around on board. Capsizing comes in two main forms:

• Broaching: A wave slams into the side of a boat, causing it to tip over.
• Pitchpoling: The boat flips end over end when strong waves crash into its bow.

Different types of capsizing happen for different reasons. Knowing what causes them and how to prevent them can help boaters stay ready and better handle risks, making boating safer overall.

Weather Conditions

Weather is a big deal when it comes to boating safety. It's often the main reason boats capsize. Sudden weather changes can make things dangerous quickly, even for seasoned boaters. Knowing how different weather elements affect boating makes all the difference in staying safe out there on the water.

Strong winds can shove a boat sideways, making it tip over. Sailboats are especially at risk since the wind fills their sails and tilts them to one side. If gusts get too strong, they can make the boat heel too much and even flip it over completely.

Prevention Tips

• Reef the sails early to avoid getting caught by strong winds.
• Always keep an eye on weather forecasts and wind advisories. They can change quickly out there.
• If high winds do hit, for power boats, it's best to steer into the wind as much as possible – this helps reduce side impact and keeps things more stable. For sailing boats, be ready to let the power out of the sails when strong gusts come.

Large Waves

Waves can be a real danger to keeping things steady, especially when they slam into the boat from the side. The risk goes up if those waves are big enough to flood the deck or make it roll too much. In such cases, even experienced sailors need to stay alert and take quick action.

• When out on the water, it's smart to tackle waves at a slight angle. This helps cut down the risk of getting swamped by them.
• Steer clear of spots known for big wave action during rough weather conditions. It's just not worth it.
• Always check weather reports before heading out and plan trips accordingly. If high waves are in the forecast, find another route or reschedule that boating adventure altogether!

Thunderstorms

Thunderstorms are no joke. They whip up a nasty combo of wind, rain, and waves. If they hit suddenly, boats can get thrown off balance fast. This makes it hard for them to steer and increases the chances of flipping over.

• Keep an eye on the weather radar and steer clear of boating if thunderstorms are in the forecast.
• Always have a quick escape plan to reach a safe harbour when a storm is coming.
• Make sure the boat has a lightning protection system installed for safety against strikes.

Fog and Reduced Visibility

Fog can hide dangers and make it tough to navigate. This raises the chances of collisions or even capsizing. With visibility so low, spotting changes in water conditions becomes difficult.

• Rely on radar and GPS to steer safely when visibility is poor.
• Blast fog signals so other boats know there's someone nearby.
• Slow down and keep a sharp lookout for obstacles and other vessels.

Knowing how weather affects boating can really cut down the chances of capsizing. It makes trips on the water much safer. Always put safety first by keeping up with weather updates and being ready for any changes.

Improper Loading

Improper loading is a major reason boats capsize, and it really messes with their stability. Making sure the boat is loaded correctly, every single time, is crucial for having a safe and enjoyable outing on the water.

Overloading

Going over the manufacturer’s weight limit can seriously lower a boat's freeboard, making it much more likely to take on water and capsize unexpectedly.

• Always make sure to check the boat's capacity plate for its weight limits.
• Make sure to factor in the weight of passengers, gear, and fuel when doing all calculations.
• Always make sure to regularly check that the weight is within safe limits.

Uneven Weight Distribution

Even if you’re within weight limits, uneven distribution of cargo can make the boat dangerously unstable.

• Spread the weight evenly from left to right and front to back for balance.
• Place heavy items low and centred to help keep the centre of gravity stable.
• If the boat starts leaning, adjust seating and gear immediately.

Securing Cargo

Loose cargo can move around during travel, suddenly throwing off the boat’s balance and greatly increasing the risk of capsizing, especially during quick turns or in choppy waters. It's crucial to properly tie down cargo to keep the boat steady and stable.

• Make sure to use tie-downs and storage compartments to secure all the gear properly.
• Check the cargo before heading out and during the trip, and always make sure everything stays tightly secured, especially after navigating through rough waters and strong currents.
• Don't stack items too high, as it can easily destabilize the boat. Place heavy stuff low in the boat to keep it stable and balanced.

Stick to these guidelines, and the boat will stay balanced and stable. This greatly cuts down on any risk of capsizing from improper loading practices. Safe boating really hinges on proper loading techniques.

Maintaining Balance and Stability

Keeping balance and staying stable is key to avoiding a capsize. Knowing the boat's design and sticking within its limits can really help in keeping things safe.

Free Surface Effect

The free surface effect happens when liquid moves around in half-full tanks or bilges. This shifting messes with the boat's centre of gravity, leading to instability. It can make tipping more likely, especially during rough seas.

• Keep tanks either empty or full to cut down on liquid sloshing around.
• Check and secure the bilge compartments regularly.

Hull Integrity

A boat's hull needs to be in top shape for stability. If it's damaged or not well-maintained, water can seep in. This reduces buoyancy and increases the risk of capsizing.

• Check the hull often for any cracks, holes, or damage.
• Fix problems right away when they come up.
• Make sure all watertight compartments are sealed and working well.

Understanding Boat Limits

Every boat comes with its own set of limits for weight, speed, and handling. Pushing beyond these boundaries can mess with stability and make capsizing more likely.

• Get to know the boat's specs and what it can handle.
• Don't go over the recommended speed or weight limits.
• Change up how it's handled based on its design and current water conditions.

Focus on keeping the boat balanced and stable. Regular maintenance is key. Know what the boat can handle, too. This way, there's a much lower chance of capsizing, making boating trips safer overall.

Collision and Grounding

Collisions and grounding are major dangers that can cause a boat to capsize. Staying alert and navigating carefully is crucial for avoiding these accidents, ensuring the vessel remains stable on water.

Collision Risks

Bumping into other boats or underwater obstacles can really throw a boat off balance and cause it to capsize. This becomes especially risky in crowded waterways or spots with hidden dangers lurking below the surface, making navigation tricky.

• Stay Alert: Always keep an eye out and use navigation aids effectively.
• Respect Right-of-Way Rules: Understand, follow, and adhere to boating right-of-way regulations diligently.
• Leverage Technology: Use radar systems and GPS tools to detect obstacles early on.

Grounding Risks

Grounding happens when a boat hits the shore or underwater obstacles, which can cause sudden weight shifts and potentially lead to capsizing. This unexpected event often catches everyone off guard.

• Get to Know the Waterways: Take time to learn about local waterways and avoid those tricky shallow spots.
• Utilise Navigation Tools: Use nautical charts, depth finders, and GPS systems for safe navigation through waters.
• Always Proceed with Caution: Slow down in unfamiliar or shallow areas to prevent any accidental grounding of the boat.

Staying alert and using proper navigation techniques can greatly cut down the risk of collisions and grounding, making boating much safer for everyone involved. Proper preparation along with awareness are crucial to keeping stability intact and preventing any chance of capsizing during a trip.

Flooding can swiftly transform a boating trip into an extremely hazardous situation. It happens when water gets inside the boat, reducing its buoyancy and increasing the risk of capsizing dramatically. Knowing how to prevent and handle flooding is absolutely essential for every boater.

Risks of Flooding

Water can seep into the boat through leaks, waves crashing over the sides, or failing to secure hatches and ports properly. If not dealt with quickly enough, even a small amount of water can build up and seriously destabilize the entire vessel.

• Close Hatches and Ports: Always make sure hatches, ports, and doors are tightly closed and sealed before heading out on the water.
• Regular Inspections: Regularly check the boat for any potential leaks or weaknesses in the hull structure. Fixing these issues immediately is crucial to safety.
• Bilge Pumps: Equip every boat with reliable bilge pumps that work properly. Check them often to ensure they can effectively remove unwanted water from inside.

Recognising Signs of Impending Capsize

Spotting early signs of instability can really help in taking corrective action before things get out of hand. Here are some key indicators that suggest the boat might be at risk of capsizing:

Listing happens when a boat tilts to one side, even in calm waters. This often means there's uneven weight distribution or water getting inside the hull somewhere.

• Spread the weight out evenly across everything.
• Check for leaks right away and fix them immediately.

Taking on Water

When water starts piling up faster than it can be pumped out, it's a major red flag that something is seriously wrong.

• Find and seal up where the water is coming in.
• Grab bilge pumps to get rid of water quickly and efficiently.

Unusual Movements

When the boat feels sluggish, acts unpredictably with steering, or tilts too much during turns, it’s a clear sign of instability.

• Take it easy and steady the boat, making sure everything is balanced.
• Make sure to check for any shifting cargo and properly secure it in place.

Recognising these signs and reacting quickly can stop capsizing, making boating much safer for everyone. Staying alert and acting fast are crucial to keeping the boat stable on the water at all times.

Real-Life Examples and Lessons Learned

Mv golden ray (2019).

The MV Golden Ray , a car carrier ship, tragically capsized off the coast of Georgia because of inaccurate stability calculations and unsecured watertight doors. This unfortunate incident really underscored just how crucial it is to get loading right and secure all openings properly in order to maintain overall stability at sea. Always stick to precise stability calculations and make sure every watertight compartment is securely locked down.

Seacor Power (2021)

The Seacor Power , a lift boat, tragically capsized in the Gulf of Mexico amid hurricane-force winds. This heartbreaking event highlighted just how dangerous severe weather can be and underscored the critical need for proper preparation and effective response plans to ensure safety at sea. Keep a close eye on the weather and steer clear of operating during severe conditions.

Duck Boat Incident (2018)

A duck boat in Missouri tragically capsized during a sudden storm, leading to numerous fatalities. The vessel was not built for rough waters, and unfortunately, the operators ignored critical weather warnings that day. Choose boats that fit the conditions and always pay attention to weather advisories.

Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race (1998)

In the 1998 race , extreme weather caused several yachts to capsize, resulting in numerous dramatic rescues. This event highlighted just how unpredictable weather can be and underscored the critical need for strong safety protocols at sea.

These examples really show how crucial it is to be well-prepared, stay alert, and follow safety rules closely in order to prevent capsizing incidents and ensure boating remains safe for everyone.

Final Thoughts

Capsizing is a real danger out on the water. But with good prep, staying alert, and keeping up with maintenance, it can be avoided.

Head over to the boat search on our website to discover a wide selection of boats for sale, tailored to suit every need and budget. Embark on your next journey with the confidence that you've chosen the best boat for your adventures. Happy boating!

Share this article

You might like.

Sign up to our newsletter

By submitting this form, you agree to our Privacy & Cookie Policy

Change units of measure

This feature requires cookies to be enabled on your browser.

Show price in:

Show lengths, beam and draft in:

Show displacement or weight in:

Show capacity or volume in:

Show speed in:

Show distance in:

Will I Capsize?

Join Our Newsletter!

Get community news, buying bargains, and how-to guides at your fingertips.

Capsize – understanding the risks

by Simon Jollands | Boat Handling , Emergencies , Preparation

A skipper should know how their boat will cope with rough seas. By working within known limits and understanding the risks, then the chances of a capsize occurring are much reduced.

Safety is all about improving the odds. When considering the odds of a boat capsizing, knowing the limitations of its design and stability are critical. In order to do this, it helps to understand the basic principles of how a boat remains upright.

Basic principles

A boat remains upright because of the way its weight and buoyancy interact. The basic principle of buoyancy is that the upward buoyant force on a body immersed in fluid is equal and opposite to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. The weight of the fluid displaced is known as displacement and the displaced water has an up thrust, or buoyancy, which is equal to the weight of the boat. The displaced water has a central point, or centre of buoyancy, which varies according to the shape of a boat’s hull and keel.

The centre of buoyancy is not to be mistaken for the centre of gravity. The weight of a boat is distributed along its length, pushing the entire vessel downwards.  All the weight acts downwards through a central point, or centre of gravity, which is similar to the fulcrum or central point of a seesaw.  All the structure and the distribution of weight aboard contribute to a boat’s centre of gravity.

To keep a boat stable in the water and prevent it from toppling over requires the centre of gravity to be low, which is greatly helped by having a deep, heavy keel and an engine below the waterline.

Angle of heel

If a sailing boat heels over in a strong gust of wind or is forced over by a big wave, then it will right itself once the gust or wave has passed. When a boat is upright then the force of gravity is directly opposed to the force of buoyancy.  As the boat heels over the centre of buoyancy moves outwards and acts as a lever does, pushing upwards with an increasing force. This is fine up to a point, but eventually as the boat continues to heel the righting lever effect reduces and eventually is lost and then the boat will capsize and float upside down. This point is known as the Angle of Vanishing Stability (AVS).

Boats with a high AVS will resist becoming inverted and return to the upright position quickly in the event of a knockdown. These include narrow, heavy displacement boats with a deep draft which can heel to 120º or more. Once capsized, only a small amount of further rolling moves the hull into the positive righting area and the boat comes back upright. Boats with wide beams and shallow drafts tend to have high initial stability but may capsize at 90º of heel and will not always be self-righting.

Righting moment curve

Boat manufacturers publish righting moment curves of their yachts to show the stability characteristics of their designs. In Europe the Recreational Craft Directive (RCD) states that pleasure yachts between 2.5m and 24m must carry builders’ plates to categorize their boats in either Category A (Ocean), B (Offshore) or C (Inshore) and meet minimum standards of stability.

Breaking waves

Rules and regulations are one thing, but the force of steep breaking waves can knock any yacht down in coastal waters, especially if it is caught beam-on. Research has shown that the most significant factor in capsize is whether a wave is breaking or not. If the wave is greater in height than the beam of the boat, then it can easily knock the boat over. Tests carried out at Southampton University in England have shown that almost any boat can be capsized by a wave equal to 55% of the boat’s overall length. Such waves may occur where the seabed suddenly shelves towards the coast, or where wind is blowing against tide.

This research points to the fact that yachts seeking shelter often find themselves in greater danger when approaching harbours than when coping with a storm further out to sea.

Being prepared

If you are well offshore in rough weather, consider your options. If needs be, heave to and ride out a storm as the boat will be more stable and comfortable, but check you have sufficient sea room to drift downwind and are not approaching a lee shore.  Another option is to lie ahull, with no sail up and the helm tied to leeward. If conditions worsen then the next stage is to lie to a sea anchor or drogue, which will prevent the boat from meeting waves beam on and reduce the vessel’s drift rate.

Don’t automatically head for the nearest harbour or your intended destination. Check first what the conditions are likely to be there, by considering the state of the tide, wind direction and whether there are danger areas such as headlands and sand bars to contend with. Check out all the alternatives and be prepared to alter your plans in order to opt for a safe option.

Tips to prevent capsize:

• Know your boat’s limitations.
• Don’t overload the boat.
• Pump the bilges regularly.
• Keep a generous margin of safety.
• Know when it is best to yield to conditions, rather than fight them.
• Avoid areas known for overfalls and tide rips.
• Avoid being caught beam on to breaking waves.

Navigating Through Rough Waters: Tips for Handling Adverse Weather Conditions in a Sailboat - Safe Skipper Boating & Safety Afloat Apps for phones & tablets

www.safe-skipper.com

Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linked In Share by Email

safe_skipper_apps

Recent Posts

• Navigating Through Rough Waters: Tips for Handling Adverse Weather Conditions in a Sailboat
• Sailing Safely at Night – Best Practice
• Boating Etiquette: Do’s and Don’ts on the Water
• Navigating narrow channels

There are two main causes of capsizing. One of them is the result of the wind overpowering the boat and its crew so that the boat heels excessively until it fills with water and capsizes to leeward. The other is normally the result of a crewing error in strong winds, usually on a downwind course, so that the boat becomes unbalanced and capsizes, generally to windward. Although on the whole one-designs allow a fairly large margin for error on the part of the crew, racing one-designs don't, as they are more sensitive owing to their relatively larger sail area and lighter hulls.

Capsizing is an ever-present possibility in all unballasted boats, and it is important that you know how to deal with it. You need to be familiar with the correct righting techniques which should form part of your basic seamanship training. As a beginner you would be well advised to deliberately capsize your boat , but under supervision, to learn how to right it; your confidcncc will be improved if you have already capsized in a controlled situation.

All one-designs havesomebuoyancy sothere is no danger that they will sink, provided that the buoyancy has been checked before launching. The amount of buoyancy is important (see pages 46—7): too much can cause the boat to blow away on its side or float so high in the water that the upturned centreboard is out of reach. If you buy a new boat, capsize it in shallow water to determine its behavior so that you can adapt your righting techniques accordingly. The method you use will depend to some extent on the circumstances of the capsize and the type of boat.

Before the development of the scoop method (shown right), a crew trying to right their boat had to swim it around head-to-wind so that it would not blow over again as soon as it was righted; alternatively, they sometimes found they had to lower the sails before attempting to bring the boat upright. The scoop method, however, has the advantage of permitting a boat to be righted irrespective of its position relative to the wind as the crew is already aboard to act as ballast. Some more complex capsizes will require modifications of the scoop method or even different techniques (see pages 88—9).

Whatever the circumstances of the capsize, the crew should stay with the boat. It is much more visible to a rescue launch than a lone swimmer and the shore may well be further away than it appears.

Righting a boat — scoop method

In this method, the crew is scooped up inside the boat as it is brought upright by the helmsman who stands on the centerboard and pulls on the jib sheet. Because the crew is already aboard when the boat comes upright, he acts as ballast and prevents the boat from capsizing again immediately after righting When the boat capsizes to windward, the crew must wait for the sail to swing over to the other side of the boat before leaning over to help the helmsman aboard. Both helmsman and crew must understand their respective tasks and carry them out accordingly. The crew must also take care not to pull on the boat before the helmsman has climbed onto the centerboard or it may invert on top of him. Lightweight racing boats are particularly prone to inversion. The techniques for dealing with an inverted boat are described on page 89.

1 Crew checks that the centerboard is in the fully down position. He then sorts out the mainsheet while the helmsman swims to the transom and checks the rudder fitting is still in place.

4 The crew lies down in the boat, holding onto the toe straps or the thwarts, while the helmsman climbs onto the centerboard, using the jib sheet as a lever if necessary.

Position of the helmsman

The helmsman must take care to stand at the root of the centerboard, as close to the boat as possible, to prevent it breaking under his weight. He must be ready to let go of the jib sheet and grasp the side decking to lever himself aboard the boat as it comes upright. Throughout the righting sequence both helmsman and crew should talk to each other so that they know what is happening.

2 The crew holds the transom steady while the helmsman, taking the mainsheet over the rudder, swims to the centerboard. using the mainsheet as a lifeline until he gets there

3 When the helmsman has reached the centerboard and grasped it. the crew swims around to the inside of the boat, sorts out the upper jib sheet and throws it over to the helmsman.

5 The helmsman, after checking that the crew is ready, stands on the centerboard as close to the boat as possible and starts to pull on the jib sheet to begin the righting movement.

6 The helmsman continues to pull on the jib sheet until the boat is nearly upright and scrambles aboard over the side decking. Both crew members then prepare the boat to sail off immediately.

2 She grabs the jib sheet and scrambles out onto the centerboard. standing as close to the root of the board as possible.

3 The helmsman grasps the lower toe straps and is scooped aboard as the crew rights the boat by pulling on the jib sheet.

Righting a trapeze boat

In racing boats if the crew is not out on the trapeze you can use the normal righting method. However, for the occasions when the crew is trapezing. both helmsman and crew have to learn how to react very quickly in the event of capsize. They must perfect a righting technique which is rapid and efficient. The first priority is for the crew to unhook and climb out on the centerboard as rapidly as possible to prevent the boat from inverting. The helmsman performs the role normally carried out by the crew and is scooped up into the boat in the usual way.

1 The trapezing crew moves her weight back onto the gunwale as the boat capsizes and unhooks rapidly from the trapeze.

2 He swings himself onto the centerboard. and rights the boat by pulling on the gunwale.

1 As the sail starts to hit the water, the helmsman should grasp the upper gunwale and begin to lever himself up. ready to climb over the side as quickly as possible.

Righting single-handed

Single-handed boats can be difficult to right as the center-board floats high in the water and the boat can blow away from you. If you sail single-handed you should develop a technique whereby you do not actually fall in the water, but start to scramble up over the gunwale as the sail hits the water, ready to right it by standing on the centerboard and pulling on the gunwale. If you do fall in the water, the boat can sometimes be righted by grasping the bow and sinking it so that the boat rotates to its normal floating position.

2 Crew then bundles spinnaker into pouch (or chute) before starting normal righting sequence the other presses down hard on the stern to break the air seal. Once in the normal capsize position, the boat is righted in the usual way. If the centcrboard has not retracted the job is made much simpler because one person can use it as a lever. It is important to make sure the jib sheet is brought over forward of the centerboard to prevent it slipping backwards.

Righting when a spinnaker is set

Righting an inverted boat

If the crew are slow to react to a capsize, the boat can easily invert. The air is then trapped under the hull and the boat forms a seal with the water which can be difficult to break. The method you use to right an inverted boat will depend on the position of the centerboard. If you capsize with the centerboard fully retracted, or if it retracts during the capsize, recovery will be made harder because you do not have it to use as a lever to right the boat. Whatever the method, the boat should be righted so that the mast comes up towards the wind. This will then make recovery from the normal capsize position much easier, and will prevent the boat from capsizing again. It is best if one person pulls on the jib sheet, standing on the gunwale, while

If you have the misfortune to capsize your boat with the spinnaker set. the first task is to release one corner of the spinnaker so that it doesn't act as a sea anchor. The next job is to get the spinnaker down. If the boat inverts with the spinnaker set, bring it up to the normal capsized position before starting to right it in the usual way.

1 Crew finds one corner of the spinnaker and undoes the sheet from the clew.

3 Both helmsman and crew continue pulling until boat gradually turns over until it lies in normal capsized position.

4 Crew climbs onto centerboard aided by helmsman and righting sequence (see previous page) is followed in usual way.

1 Helmsman finds a jib sheet from inside boat. Helmsman and crew swim to other side of boat and crew climbs onto gunwale and grasps centerboard.

2 With helmsman and crew both kneeling on boat, crew starts to pull on centerboard while helmsman pulls on jib sheet

If you capsize in shallow water your mast may dig into the mud so that you have to be towed off. Make sure that the righting line from the towing boat is clipped or tied to the shroud and taken over the hull (below). Where possible, arrange for the boat to be pulled upright against the wind (right).

Every one-design should have a painter attached at the mast and led through a bow fitting. If a single boat is towed in calm conditions it can be fastened alongside the towing boat (right)

or towed behind the rescue boat. If more than one boat is towed, each one can be attached with a rolling hitch (see page 532) to a rope trailed from the rescue boat.

Crew under sail

Crew under hull

There is plenty of air inside the hull. Swim to an outer edge and push yourself under the side decking to get out

Crew trapped

Now and again, as the result of a capsize, the crew gets trapped either under the sail or in the inverted hull. Neither situation is dangerous although it can be alarming if you do not know the correct procedure to deal with it.

Crew beneath sail Push your hand up and make an air pocket in the sail. Then, keeping one hand above your head to push the sail, work your way,using a seamline to guide you, to the outside edge.

Continue reading here: Man overboard

Was this article helpful?

Recommended Programs

Myboatplans 518 Boat Plans

Related Posts

• Broad Reach With Tide - Sailing Procedures
• Reefing - Sailing Procedures
• Simple capsize drill - Sailing Techniques
• Basic Rescue Tips for Water
• Trapezing - Sailing Procedures
• Cleats and fairleads - Sailing Procedures

Readers' Questions

Can a sailboat capsize?

Yes, a sailboat can capsize. When a sailboat capsizes, it means that it overturns or flips upside down. This can happen due to various factors such as strong winds, improper sail handling, excessive weight on one side, or by hitting a large wave or obstruction. Capsize can be dangerous and may lead to injuries or even the sinking of the boat if not handled properly. Sailors are trained to prevent capsize and to know how to respond if it happens.

What should you do if your boat capsizes and floats away?

If your boat capsizes and floats away, it is important to stay calm and act swiftly. Here are the steps you should take: Stay with the boat: If possible, try to stay near the capsized boat because it can provide you with some buoyancy and increase your chances of being spotted by rescuers. Cling onto the boat or any floating debris. Assess your supplies: Check if you have any floating supplies near you such as life jackets, oars, or emergency kits. These can provide assistance until help arrives. Signal for help: If there are other boats or people nearby, make yourself visible by waving your arms, shouting, or using any signaling equipment you have. If you have a whistle or flare, use them to attract attention. Stay visible: If no immediate help is available, focus on remaining visible. If you have bright-colored clothing, put it on or use it as a flag. Try to paddle or swim closer to the shore or any potentially safer location. Conserve energy: After the initial panic, try to conserve your energy. Avoid excessive swimming or thrashing around, as it can increase fatigue and hypothermia risks. Instead, tread water or float to preserve energy. Use the HELP position: If you are alone, use the Heat Escape Lessening Position (HELP) technique to reduce heat loss. It involves crossing your arms tightly against your chest while drawing your knees up towards your body. This position helps reduce heat loss from the armpits, chest, and groin. Stay positive and hydrated: Mental resilience is crucial in survival situations. Keep a positive mindset by focusing on positive thoughts or engaging in mental exercises. If you have access to drinking water, consume small amounts periodically to stay hydrated. Remember, the best course of action is to prevent a situation like this from happening by equipping yourself with proper safety measures, such as wearing life jackets, knowing how to swim, and being familiar with boating safety protocols.

What causes a boat to capsize?

A boat can capsize for a variety of reasons, including strong winds, waves, improper weight distribution, or an uneven hull or center of gravity. Other causes may include an overloaded boat, a collision, or striking a submerged object. Prolonged exposure to wind, waves, and excessive speed can also cause a boat to capsize.

• Paddle Board

What to Do if Your Boat Capsizes: Here’s Everything You Need to Know

When you think of enjoying a nice afternoon out on the water, what’s the ideal setting? It’s probably cruising over the lake as the sun sets, enjoying the fresh air and nature at her finest.

We doubt it involves the boat upside down in the water, with you clinging to the hope of rescue. However, capsizing your boat can be a real threat, and you need to know how to deal with the situation should it occur.

Here’s everything you need to know to handle a capsize on the lake or at sea.

What Should You Do if Your Boat Capsizes?

First – don’t panic.

One element of a capsizing event can cause the biggest loss of life or unnecessary injury – panic. When a capsize occurs, it’s a stressful event. Even seasoned captains may find themselves suddenly overcome by the adrenaline surge involved with the situation’s urgency.

So, it’s understandable that your passengers who have little experience on the water may start to panic. Panic is a killer, and it leads to people making stupid mistakes at the moment that lead to death or injury. Before you go out on the water, it’s important to give your passengers a short safety briefing.

Explain the protocols and procedures if something goes wrong. While they likely won’t help much in a real-time situation, it may be enough to get people to stop panicking and keep their cool.

If people have a hard time controlling their emotions, get them to close their eyes and focus on their breathing. Have them inhale and exhale for longer than they inhale. This action activates the parasympathetic nervous system, helping them control the adrenaline surging through their body and mind.

Make Sure You’re As Safe As Possible

After the capsize, attend to your immediate needs first. Secure your life jacket and make sure you’re floating. You can’t help anyone if you are in a precarious position yourself.

There’s a proverb in boating that says don’t try to rescue someone and make it two people that end up drowning. Make sure you’re safe, and then turn your attention to the other passengers as fast as possible.

Look Around for Others and Count Heads

If you’re by yourself in a capsizing situation, then you only have yourself to worry about. However, if you’re on a boat with several passengers, it’s your responsibility to ensure the safety of your passengers. If the boat capsizes, stay calm and review the situation. Start looking around you for your passengers and conduct a headcount as soon as you have your bearings.

Get acquainted with all passengers before you go out for the day. If something goes wrong, you’ll have to call that person by their name to catch their attention. If you notice anyone’s missing, they may be under the boat. If the water visibility is good, start diving underwater to find the missing people.

Once you have everyone accounted for, it’s time to start planning the best strategy to get out of the water.

Keep Close to the Boat or Turn it Over If You Can

After capsizing, the first option is to get your bearings and try to right the boat. Some smaller sailboats , kayaks, canoes, and catamarans can easily turn right-side-up again.

If you can’t manage the turn the boat over, then try to remain as close to it as possible. When the rescue team is searching for you, they’ll discover the vessel, and if you’re not there, they’re likely to think you didn’t survive.

Climb On the Hull

If there’s no way to right the boat, try to make a plan to climb onto the hull. Just because the boat capsized doesn’t mean that it will sink.

Most boats will float upside down in the water, allowing you to climb onto the hull to get out of the water. This strategy is vital in cold water situations. If you float in cold water for more than 20-minutes, it can start the onset of hypothermia and potential loss of life.

Look for Flotation Support

When the boat capsizes, the debris on the deck may spill overboard on the water. Look around you for floating objects to improve your buoyancy.

Once you’re confident you’re afloat, try to make the effort of righting the boat or climbing onto the hull to wait for rescue.

Use Your Whistle and Wait for Help

Life jackets come with whistles attached to the PFD . If you capsize and people are within earshot, blow the whistle once for five seconds for a distress signal.

The key is to remain calm. You never know if someone hears you; they could be on the way to get help already.

However, keep blowing your whistle every few minutes to ensure the best chance of someone hearing you. You could have to wait hours for rescue, depending on the circumstances. So, remain as calm as possible and conserve your energy, especially if you’re in the water.

Prepare for the Worst-Case Scenario Before You Leave

Prepare your safety and emergency gear before you go out on the boat. Make sure you have everything ready to go before you leave the staging area at the launch. The last thing you want to do is hold up the ramp by making last-minute preparations.

Lifejackets are Essential

Every passenger on board your boat needs a US Coast Guard-approved life jacket. The Personal Floatation Device ( PFD ) may mean the difference between surviving and drowning if the boat capsizes. You could be waiting for hours for rescue, and eventually, even the best swimmers tire.

Keep a Throwable Type IV PFD Onboard

A throwable Type IV PFD connected to a rope is a must-have item for boat owners. These PFDs allow you to reel in people that fall overboard. If the boat capsizes, you can attach it to the boat to prevent you from drifting away.

Wear Anti-Slip Footwear

Anti-slip footwear is more useful than you think. You’ll find there are plenty of occasions where it can save you from a slip that may result in an injury. Choose reef shoes that mold to your feet, offering you a lightweight shoe with as thin a sole as possible.

Perform Safety Drills

You can your passengers need to understand what to do when danger occurs. When you’re in hazardous conditions, you need to be concentrating on the moment, not giving someone a safety briefing. Practicing drills on land will help you entrench the motor skills necessary to respond automatically in an emergency.

The Hazards Involved with Broaching in Open Water

Broaching can occur in heavy wave conditions at sea. Paddling too fast into the wave can push you in front of it and into the back of the wave in front of you. As a result, the kayak turns sideways to the waves, leaving you in a position to capsize the boat when the weave behind you catches up.

The Hazards Involved with Broaching in Whitewater

Whitewater can cause broaching by pinning the boat against a rock or obstruction in fast-moving currents. To make your escape, lean into the obstruction and let the current do the work of dislodging the boat. Strong currents may tear fiberglass canoes and kayaks in half or bend polyethylene kayaks, trapping you in the boat.

What Should You Do If Your Boat Capsizes? FAQ

Q: what is the bulldozing rescue technique.

A: The bulldozing technique for kayaks and canoes involves pushing the boat using the bow of your kayak to move it closer to the boater so they can turn it right-side-up. Bulldozing prevents the boat from drifting away.

Q: What is the boat-over-boat rescue technique?

A: The over-the-boat rescue involves launching the nose of the kayak under the boat, lifting the bow out of the water for easy return to right-side-up.

Q: Is it safe to tow someone else on the back of my kayak?

A: Yes, the person can heave their body onto the rear of the kayak and drag their legs in the water. They grip the edge of the cowling surrounding the cockpit, and that should provide enough stability for the rescue.

Wrapping Up – File a Float Plan or Tell People Where You’re Going

Filing a float plan is one of the best preparations you can make before venturing out onto the water. The US Coast Guard allows you to lodge float plans detailing your voyage. Many marinas also offer this service. If you capsize at sea, someone will notice you’re missing faster if your file a float plan and don’t show up when expected.

If you’re going out onto the lake, there’s nowhere to file a float plan. However, you can always tell a friend or family member where you’re going and when to expect you back. Being capsized at sea is usually a much more life-threatening experience than on the lake.

The lake has defined boundaries, and they’re usually aren’t strong currents or tides—every minute to your rescue counts when stranded at sea. So, filing a float plan just makes good sense.

John is an experienced journalist and veteran boater. He heads up the content team at BoatingBeast and aims to share his many years experience of the marine world with our readers.

What to Do If Your Boat Engine Won’t Start? Common Problems & How to Fix Them

How to launch a boat by yourself: complete beginner’s guide, how to surf: complete beginner’s guide to get you started.

Comments are closed.

Type above and press Enter to search. Press Esc to cancel.

ACTIVE STORM TRACKER Hurricane and Tropical Storm Information Learn more

Service Locator

• Angler Endorsement
• Boat Towing Coverage
• Mechanical Breakdown
• Insurance Requirements in Mexico
• Agreed Hull Value
• Actual Cash Value
• Liability Only
• Insurance Payment Options
• Claims Information
• Towing Service Agreement
• Membership Plans
• Boat Show Tickets
• BoatUS Boats For Sale
• Membership Payment Options
• Consumer Affairs
• Boat Documentation Requirements
• Installation Instructions
• Shipping & Handling Information
• Contact Boat Lettering
• End User Agreement
• Frequently Asked Questions
• Vessel Documentation
• BoatUS Foundation
• Government Affairs
• Powercruisers
• Buying & Selling Advice
• Maintenance
• Tow Vehicles
• Make & Create
• Makeovers & Refitting
• Accessories
• Electronics
• Skills, Tips, Tools
• Spring Preparation
• Winterization
• Boaters’ Rights
• Environment & Clean Water
• Boat Safety
• Navigational Hazards
• Personal Safety
• Batteries & Onboard Power
• Motors, Engines, Propulsion
• Books & Movies
• Cockpit Confessions
• Communication & Etiquette
• Contests & Sweepstakes
• Colleges & Tech Schools
• Food, Drink, Entertainment
• New To Boating
• Travel & Destinations
• Watersports
• Anchors & Anchoring
• Boat Handling
• ← Safety & Prevention

Avoiding Capsizing And Swamping

Advertisement

Three boaters are plucked from the water 25 miles offshore after their boat capsized. Learn how to prevent getting into this mess in the first place.

Photo: U.S. Coast Guard

A day out on the water led to three men being rescued by good Samaritans some 25 miles offshore of Hernando Beach, Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico. The trio, all wearing life jackets, were pulled November 2, 2019, from the overturned hull of a 26-foot Sea Fox center-console.

An EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) set off from the capsized boat triggered a response from U.S. Coast Guard Air Station Clearwater. A C-130 aircrew dropped a life raft to three people, but a nearby good Samaritan aboard a power catamaran was first on scene and took the three men aboard. There were no reported injuries. Watch a video of the incredible rescue above.

A Look At The Numbers

A capsize is defined as a boat rolling over onto its side or completely over. Swamping typically means that a boat fills with water (often from capsizing) but remains floating.

What causes boats to capsize and swamp? In a word: instability. Boats are inherently stable until something causes them to become unstable. That something is weight — where it is and how much it is determines when a boat will tip over far enough to capsize or fill with water.

In an analysis of five years of GEICO | BoatUS Marine Insurance claims that involved capsizes and swampings, we learned what you can do to prevent this from happening in your own boat. Here's what we learned:

• Nearly all capsizes can be assigned to one of three causes: too much or poorly distributed weight , leaky vessels , and bad weather .
• The majority of incidents occur on small boats. Nearly 10% were 8-footers (such as dinghies). The largest group (41%) was in the 15- to 19-foot range. These boats were typically fishing boats with large, hard-to-drain cockpits, sometimes in poor weather, and sometimes overloaded. A quarter of the pie (26%) comprises boats 20 to 24 feet. Half of those were outboard-powered 22 footers. Larger boats tend to be more stable and rarely capsize.
• Life jackets can buy extra time until you're rescued, but they have to be worn to work. BoatUS Foundation tests showed that even modest waves can make it very difficult to don a life jacket when you're in the water — a job made harder still if you have to search for one after capsizing.

Most power boats built before 1972 have no flotation and will sink out from under the crew if swamped.

Weighty Issues

• Small boats are much more susceptible to an extra person or two or a couple heavy coolers aboard than larger boats.
• Older boats may have gained weight over the years as more gear is stored aboard or the hull has absorbed water.
• On boats with cockpit drains, a heavy friend or a second cooler might be all it takes to make the water come back in through the drains.
• Most boats under 20 feet are required to have flotation. They also must have a capacity plate that states how much weight and how many people can be safely aboard.
• Exceeding the capacity limits, even in calm water, is asking for trouble. In many states, operators can be ticketed for it.
• Safe passenger loading is controlled by the number of "underway seating positions." So two slim adults taking four or five small children out for a spin on a boat designed to seat four is a big safety risk, even though the total passenger weight might be well under the boat's stated capacity.
• Weight distribution is almost as important as the amount. Too many people on one side of the boat (Hey, look at that whale!) forces the gunwale too far down, potentially allowing water to pour in.

Pontoon boats are generally more stable than monohulls, but even they can be capsized by an unbalanced load. (Photo: John Silver)

• Some boat manufacturers label upper decks on larger boats to indicate how many passengers can be on them. Weight that is substantially above the waterline raises the boat's center of gravity and makes the boat less stable.
• Installing a four-stroke engine on an older boat can add 10% to 15% more weight than it was designed for. Water can backflow into the cockpit.
• Fishermen and hunters in small boats can make their boats unstable simply by standing up because their center of gravity rises.
• Capsizes can be caused by modifications that affect the stability of the boat. Contact the manufacturer or a naval architect if you're unsure how a modification will affect stability.

Leaky Vessels

• Sometimes it's as simple as forgetting to put the drain plug in. Other times it's leaking fittings. Tying the drain plug to your boat key is a simple way to remember the plug.
• Water sloshing around the bottom of the boat affects stability, and waves or a wake can cause it to flip.
• Leaking fittings are usually out of sight, often in livewells and bait boxes. Several claims were reported when an owner installed a livewell fitting using cheap PVC pipes and valves, and at least one livewell had no shutoff valve at all with no way to stop the ingress of water once it began leaking.
• Any fitting that penetrates the hull needs to be closeable and should be made from stainless steel, bronze, or Marelon.
• Some livewells are plumbed in such a way that they'll flood the boat if the valve is left open while underway.
• Many older outboard-powered boats have low transom cutouts that can cause the boat to flood simply by slowing down too quickly, especially with extra wight in the stern. Newer boats have a well that reduces the risk.
• Some boats have cockpits that drain into the bilge (generally considered a poor design), requiring the use of a bilge pump to even stay afloat. Bilge pumps are designed to remove nuisance water only, not to keep a boat from sinking. If you boat's cockpit drains into the bilge, be aware that if the bilge pump fails, your boat can fill with water and capsize or sink.

Large waves can overwhelm a boat and cause it to capsize. Keeping the bow into the waves can prevent the boat from rolling.

Bad Weather

• Small boats are easily overwhelmed by modest waves or even wake, especially if they've got a full load and sit low in the water.
• A sudden squall can flip even a larger boat. Check the weather forecast before you go out and keep a weather eye on the sky.
• In most areas, NOAA broadcasts continuous weather via VHF radio. If you're within range, smartphone apps can show you detailed weather maps, including radar, which can indicate approaching storms.
• Weather changes quickly on the water, so at the first sign of bad weather, head back to the dock. If you're caught out in a squall, have your passengers stay low near the center of the boat to maintain stability.

Related Articles

The truth about ceramic coatings for boats.

Our editor investigates the marketing claims of consumer-grade ceramic coatings.

Fine-Tune Your Side Scan Fishfinder

Take your side-scanning fishfinder off auto mode, and you’ll be spotting your prey from afar in no time

DIY Boat Foam Decking

Closed-cell foam flooring helps make boating more comfortable. Here’s how to install it on your vessel

Click to explore related articles

BoatUS Editors

Contributor, BoatUS Magazine

Award-winning BoatUS Magazine is the official publication of Boat Owners Association of The United States. The magazine provides boating skills, DIY maintenance, safety, news and more from top experts.

BoatUS Magazine Is A Benefit Of BoatUS Membership

Membership Benefits Include:

Subscription to the print version of BoatUS Magazine

4% back on purchases from West Marine stores or online at WestMarine.com

Discounts on fuel, transient slips, repairs and more at over 1,200 businesses

Deals on cruises, charters, car rentals, hotel stays and more…

All for only $25/year!

We use cookies to enhance your visit to our website and to improve your experience. By continuing to use our website, you’re agreeing to our cookie policy.

• Forums New posts Unanswered threads Register Top Posts Email
• What's new New posts New Posts (legacy) Latest activity New media
• Media New media New comments
• Boat Info Downloads Weekly Quiz Topic FAQ 10000boatnames.com
• Classifieds Sell Your Boat Used Gear for Sale
• Parts General Marine Parts Hunter Beneteau Catalina MacGregor Oday
• Help Terms of Use Monday Mail Subscribe Monday Mail Unsubscribe

Can a sailboat capsize?

• Thread starter jveatch
• Start date Apr 25, 2006
• Hunter Owner Forums

We're new to sailing, and the first question we're often asked is, "Can a sailboat (like a Hunter 36) tip over?" I thought it couldn't because the more horizontal the sail gets, the less rotational moment there is and the keel will right the boat back, or at least to a point of equal moments. If the sail actually touches the water, then things probably change. So how should I answer the question. Is the answer that in theory, the sailboat can't tip over, but in practice it could in very high winds and rough seas?  

Large Wave I am by no means an expert on the subject, but it is definitely possible to capsize a 36 footer. From what I have read, you need something like a wave whose height is roughly half the length of your boat (18-20 ft) to do it if it hits the boat right. Of course that means you are in out in some rough stuff in a big body of water. If you are out in that kind of stuff, you probably want all the locking cockpit lockers, cabin sealed off, strong rigging, etc - all that nice bluewater boat stuff. The wind alone isn't going to tip the boat over like you mention, but large waves are another story.  

Confines of Puget Sound So I suppose that, practically speaking, its not possible within the confines of an area like Puget Sound by Seattle. It sounds to me that you would only encounter 20 ft waves in the ocean environment.  

JC on Bainbridge

Don't worry while in Puget Sound The problem we have around here is looking for some bigger wind to sail in. Most often we just bob. On those rare days of 10-20 knots, terrific.The wind can be pretty nasty when crossing the strait of Juan de Fuca. We got 50 knots one time on our h37.5. Unplesant to say the least, but we didn't get into too much trouble, except the bow did dig in a few times and when it came back up, a wall of water headed for the cockpit. We got a bit wet, and also discovered a few leaky hatches.  

Anything is possible, but the odds of a... displacement boat such as the H36 capsizing in the protected waters of Puget Sound is very unlikely. Under the right conditions you might be able to experience a knock down. Terry  

your keel can come off....capsize so anything can happen  

Don't Worry Wind alone cannot do it. It may knock you down but modern boats are designed so that down-flooding does not occur until well beyond 90°.A very large and steep fronted wave could do it by throwing you over or tripping you over on its front. This happens very rarely to ocean racers and other sailors caught out in a storm.As a relative newcomer you will have turned for home long before the conditions deteriorate this far - I hope. The weather forecast is all important so get one before setting out and don't go if it looks awful, after all sailing is supposed to be an enjoyable pastime and not an endurance trial!.  

Not by wind alone. it usually takes a combination of high wind and high waves to knock a keel boat down. Do not present your beam to high breaking waves. there are various foul weather sailing techniques fpr offshore which you can brush up on different books and articles ; but I think you are talking about the coastal gusts of wind or thunderstorm. As a general rule decrease sail and point into the waves. Put your companionway boards in and harness yourself to the cockpit. Do not run in storm winds as there would be a danger of broaching and you are lengthening the time you will be under the storm's influence. An MOB would be the biggest danger in high winds and rough coastal seas.  

Fred Ficarra

Ken kindrick.

Yes, a sailboat can capsize Yes, a sailboat can capsize. Yes, a can of pepsi might fall out of an airplane, land on me and I'd die. Just be prudent, look up, and look both ways before crossing the street. And don't sail in conditions beyond your ability.  

Ken I see your point about being prudent in judgment, but I don't agree with your statement "..don't sail in conditions beyond your ability."If that were the case, no one would ever progress beyond sailing in 5 kts of breeze. I have found the best way to learn is to push the envelope a little more each time. In this manner you can gain skill from dealing with ever increasing conditions. After having sailed in steady wind of 35 kts and gusts to 60, I know how to handle those situations and anything less becomes progressively easier.Be prudent by all means, but do push the limits.  

Seattle Scott

Benny makes a good point before you flip, someone is probably going to flip out of the boat, unless you are mentally set up with the thinking, that potential MOB is the first concern, sort of "I don't know if we're gonna roll, but if we do I want everyone on board to experience it and not to have to go looking for you."  

Allan, I agree... Alan, yeah, I agree with you to sail beyond your ability by pushing it a little, raising your abilities in increments. -Ken  

See Sail mag stability issue One or two years ago Sail (or was it Cruising World?) ran at least 2 articles in back to back issues on sailboat stability ratings, and how to calculate your margins. It also clearly showed that most displacement hull boats will have a righting moment that goes to zero and then becomes negative as the boat continues to heel, for whatever reason, well before it reaches 90 degrees--horizontal mast. This means that it WILL capsize given enough of an angle. I ran the numbers for the 356 and it is sort of average, and not bad at all, though there are many older boats with full keels and larger ratios of keel-to-total displacement that are much better. However is is clear that it will continue to heel and capsize when heeled more than about 70 degrees from vertical, even with completely dry sails. The best advice is to monitor the weather channels closely and be prudent--don't go out when very dirty weather is forecast or even likely, unless you are a masochist. If you get caught out in unforecast nightmare conditions put out a sea achor, batten down, and pray.Ivan BekeyH356 Victoria  

Al - s/v Persephone

H36/356 Stability Curve Ivan -I don't know what Sail's formula's predict, but computing a stability curve is a non-trivial, boiat-specific exercise for naval architects, and I'd be very careful about generic approximations from a magazine.I have a copy of the stability curve I requested from Glenn Henderson when I bought my 2005 H36.Since it's marked Proprietary, I won't post it.However, the AVS (angle of vanishing stability) is 114 degrees, and the area under the negative portion of the curve is a lot less than that above the line. The negative (stay capsized) peak is also smaller than the positive righting moment peak.This is a lot worse than a (very slow) Pacific Seacraft 37's 140 degrees, and not as good as a Tartan 37's 125 degrees. However, it should be compared to the 115 degree AVS required to qualify for some ocean races, and is better than a lot of coastal cruisers.Fair winds.  

• This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. By continuing to use this site, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Accept Learn more…

• EXPLORE Random Article
• Happiness Hub

How to Handle Capsizing and Survive a Boating Emergency

Last Updated: January 8, 2024 Fact Checked

Surviving a Capsize

Preventing a capsize.

This article was co-authored by Travis Lund and by wikiHow staff writer, Eric McClure . Travis Lund is the General Manager at the Vallejo Marina, a large marina located between the San Francisco Bay and the Delta in California. Sailing since he was six-years-old, Travis has over 15 years working in sailing operations and instruction and has pioneered a coaching platform that combined traditional coaching with multi-camera video support. He studied English at Michigan State University, where he was on the sailing team. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 6,098 times.

Capsizing, where a boat flips over and becomes inoperable, is one of the most dangerous emergencies you can encounter on the water. That’s why it’s so important to know what to do if the worst actually happens. It’s important to note, so long as you take the proper precautions before getting on the boat and know what to do if your boat does flip over, you’ll be okay. In this article, we’ll walk you through everything you need to do if your boat capsizes. We’ll also break down how you can prevent such an emergency in the first place. Read on to learn everything you need to do (and know) before taking your boat out.

Things You Should Know

• Stay calm, put on a life jacket, do a headcount, and signal for help with whatever means you have available.
• Keep everyone together and stay with the boat unless you’re absolutely positive you can reach the shore. A capsized boat will still float if it isn’t damaged.
• Avoid capsizing by staying seated in the boat, operating your boat responsibly, and tackling strong waves head on.

• The life vest should be snug and tight, but not so tight that you can’t breathe comfortably.
• If you’re going out on the water, always keep your life vest on at all times.

• If you have time, put out a mayday call by tuning to the most active channel and calling out “Mayday, mayday” followed by your GPS coordinates or position.
• If you have an emergency transponder (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon, or EPIRB), just turn it on. It automatically calls for help.

• Once you’re in the water, blow the horn whenever you think someone may be able to hear you. A whistle in the water is a universal sign of distress.
• Light a distress signal or flare if you have one. You can do this before your boat capsizes if you have time, but you may need to do it in the water.

• If there are other people on the boat with you, do not split up or send someone to swim for help.

• Unless you are absolutely 100% positive that you can swim to shore, don’t abandon your boat. Even if you can see the shore, you’d be surprised how quickly you get exhausted. On top of that, you never know when a current will pull you further out from shore.
• If you’re in a river, don’t fight the current. Stay with the boat and orient yourself so your body is opposite to the nearest shore. This way, you won’t get pinned against a rock.

• If you can hold on to your boat, do that instead.
• If there’s debris or some other item that’s floating in the water that will help you stay above the water, go ahead and grab that.

• Unless your boat is in the middle of nowhere, it’s actually extremely rare for a capsize to result in anyone’s death or serious injury if everyone stays with the boat.

• If you are on the water and you see storm clouds forming, head for shore immediately.

• If your boat does spring a leak on the water and you don’t have sealant, head towards shore, keep your life vest on, and call/signal for help if necessary.

• Your knowledge of the boat should play a major role in how you operate it. If you don’t know the ins and outs of how easy your boat is to handle, always play it safe.
• Are you new to boating? If so, stay close to the shore and don’t take the boat out alone.

• Follow the recommended load capacity of the boat and keep the weight distribution even if you’re carrying any cargo.
• 70% of all boating fatalities are the result of people going overboard on a small boat—either because they fell or the boat capsizes. As such, it’s extremely important to take any preventative steps you can to avoid a capsize.
• If there’s a little hoop or bracket near the front of your boat, that’s where you’re supposed to tie off the anchor.

• This is especially important when you’re in a smaller boat, which is more likely to be thrown over by a heavy wave.
• If the currents and waves are so strong that you feel like you could potentially lose control of your boat, it’s a big sign that it’s time to head for the nearest port.

Expert Q&A

• Recovering a sailboat and rolling a kayak are important skills if you’re going to boat as hobby. Practice in shallow waters and get familiar with the techniques. You will capsize at some point, so be prepared! Thanks Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/MAB1814.pdf
• ↑ https://files.dnr.state.mn.us/rlp/regulations/boatwater/boatingguide.pdf
• ↑ https://www.greenwichtime.com/local/article/Death-of-America-s-Cup-sailor-remains-unsolved-4641707.php
• ↑ https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/r8/recreation/safety-ethics/?cid=fsbdev3_066382
• ↑ https://www.boatlife.com/boatlife-blog/sprung-a-boat-leak-here-are-three-steps-to-avoid-disaster/
• ↑ https://www.boatingmag.com/what-to-do-when-rogue-wave-heads-for-your-boat/

About this article

Did this article help you?

• About wikiHow
• Terms of Use
• Privacy Policy
• Do Not Sell or Share My Info
• Not Selling Info

Can Yachts & Sailboats Tip Over & Sink? (Explained)

Yachts can tip over, and they can sink just like any other type of boat . However, some yachts can capsize and sink more easily than others. The size of the yacht and the draft plays an important role when it comes to capsizing.

Let’s talk about exactly how and when yachts may capsize and sink.

We’ll also talk about what you can do if you’re unfortunate enough to be on a yacht that has capsized or sunk.

Table of Contents

Capsizing – How it Happens For A Yacht

There are a few different factors that will determine whether or not a yacht capsizes.

The main three factors are:

• The amount of force placed on the vessel
• The center of gravity of the boat
• Whether or not waves are approached correctly.

1) Too Much Force on The Sail

A sailing yacht has large sails meant to take a great amount of force without being destroyed.

These massive sails provide the power a sailing yacht owner needs to move their large vessel.

In most cases, the force of the wind upon the sail will lead to some heeling.  The amount of heeling that the boat undergoes will depend on how skillfully the boat is sailed, the amount of wind being applied to the sail, and the design of the boat.

Knockdowns Vs. Capsizing

When too much force is applied to the sail, the boat’s heeling motion will usually compensate for this, and the wind will run over the sail.

However, in extreme cases, the boat may heel too far and too fast, and the sailboat will be knocked down.

A knockdown is different from a capsize in that the boat falls on its side but does not flip completely over. 

Knockdowns aren’t as bad as a capsize because the boat is usually still functional after a knockdown.  However, a knockdown is still dangerous because the boat’s passengers can fall into the water.

If all of the boat’s passengers fall into the water, there will be nobody left in the boat to pick them up.

Sometimes a knockdown is so extreme that it turns into a capsize.

This is when the boat is completely flipped over.  In this case, every passenger above deck will be thrown into the water, and the passengers inside will have to get out of the boat or hope that the boat rights itself quickly.

In many cases, a sailing monohull boat will right itself after a knockdown.  This is because the boat should be designed with capsizing in mind.  Boats with more than one hull will not right themselves after capsizing, but we’ll discuss that in more detail further along in this article.

2) Poor Center of Gravity

One aspect of a yacht that will determine its susceptibility to capsizing is its center of gravity.

A yacht with a higher center of gravity is much more likely to capsize than a yacht with a lower center of gravity.

In all likelihood, the yacht you buy will have a well -designed center of gravity.

This is especially true if you’ve purchased a Category A boat with a deep V that is meant for navigating rough waters.

A ballast tank will usually be built into the hull of the boat .  This tank lets water into the hull to add weight to it.

In addition to the ballast tank, some boats will have weights that are used as ballasts.  These weights are typically made of lead and can be used with or without a ballast tank’s presence.

3) Weight Distribution Plays An Important Role

Improper loading of a yacht can lead to poor weight distribution.  Poor weight distribution throws off the boat’s center of gravity and increases the chances that the boat will capsize.

For this reason, yacht owners must know how much weight their boat can hold so that they do not overload it. 

It’s also important that the weight that is added to the boat is evenly distributed throughout the boat.

The yacht owner may also want to consider putting heavier items down low as too much weight at the top of the boat can also lead to improper weight distribution.

4) Strong Waves Approached Incorrectly

Motor yachts and sailing yachts are both impacted by incoming waves.

A wave must be approached correctly or it could easily knock down or capsize a boat.  The smaller the boat, the more important it is that the boat approaches the wave correctly.

In fact, according to Boat U.S. Magazine , when a breaking wave of equal or greater height than a boat hits the boat from the beam side, it will always roll it at least 130 degrees past parallel.

How to Approach (Big) Waves In A Yacht

A yacht, or any other boat for that matter, should approach waves at the bow or stern side.

This keeps the boat more stable and allows it to work with the wave rather than against it.

Ideally, you’ll take the waves at the bow, but if it is a choice between the stern and the beam, you’ll always want to choose the stern.

This is important in order to ride the wave correctly. Otherwise, you will not be in full control, and you might end up taking in water or eventually experience tipping over.

Some Types of Yachts Capsize (And Sink) More Easily Than Others

Monohull owners have a disadvantage over catamaran and trimaran owners in that their boat can capsize and sink more easily.

This is because the one-hull design makes them less stable and because they only have one hull, there isn’t any redundancy in case of a hull breach.

If you haven’t yet considered whether to get a catamaran or a monohull boat, you need to read our pros and cons list of catamarans compared to monohull boats . It’s everything you need to consider before you choose what’s right for you.

Also, a monohull usually sits deeper in the water, so it is more likely to hit objects that could cause a hull breach.

This is especially true in shallow water and around reefs.

On the other hand, once a catamaran or trimaran yacht does capsize, it cannot right itself.  A monohull yacht can usually right itself after it capsizes.

What Happens After A Boat Capsizes?

When a boat flips over, it immediately begins to fill up with water.

Anything that was on the deck goes into the water, and anything inside the cabin begins to fly around and will eventually float as water enters the cabin.

People who were on the deck are now in the water, and people inside of the boat are now upside down. 

It can be very disorienting for these people, and they may be too injured to make their way out of the boat.

Monohulls In a Capsize

Monohull passengers will probably be flipped back over shortly after they are knocked down.

The biggest danger for these people is the fact that they may be injured.  This is especially true if items were left out or hatches were left open.

For example, one open kitchen drawer could lead to knives flying around the cabin during the capsize.  Even if all of the cabinets and items inside the boat were secure, the passenger could still be injured from falling.

If the passenger were in the forward cabin, they would be less likely to be injured since this cabin is often a berth consisting of only a bed.

Multi-hull Yachts During a Capsize

As we stated earlier, a multi-hull is not going to right itself.

Also, it can be a long fall off of the deck during a capsize because of its wide stance.

For instance, a 50-foot catamaran could have a width of 26 feet.

This means that a person on the deck could end up falling 26 feet into the water during a capsize.  They could hit the mast or any number of other items protruding off the deck on the way down.

The people inside the cabin will be upside down, and they’ll need to get out of the deck or hull that they’re in.

Some yachts will have escape hatches that the passengers can use to safely get out of the hulls, while others may not.

How To Best Prepare For Capsizing

Sometimes the weather or a wave catches a sailor off guard, and there isn’t any time to prepare for a capsize.

There really isn’t much you can do at this point.

Other times, the weather changes, and the water becomes rough, and you know that there is a higher likelihood that the boat could flip over.

In this instance, you should make sure everyone has their life preservers on.  You should also take down any bimini tops.

The reason for this is that people could get trapped under or within them after the boat capsizes.

You’ll also want to make sure everything on the boat is secure and that there aren’t any unlatched lockers or hatches.  This will help prevent you from getting hit by your equipment during a capsize and keep water from entering the cabin.

It will also keep your stuff in your boat when you flip.  If you’re boat rights itself quickly, you won’t have lost anything.

In some cases, you may want to keep everyone out of the cabins.  The cabins can become incredibly difficult to get out of after the boat has flipped over, and people can drown inside them.

For this reason, it may actually be safer to be up on deck when the boat does capsize.

What to Do After a Yacht Capsizes

The first step if you’re still in the boat is to get out as quickly as possible.

Ideally, you’ll already have a life jacket on, so you won’t have any excuses for delaying.

Once you’re out of the boat, you’ll want to try to stay with it.  A capsized boat is much easier for rescue crews to spot than a person floating in the water.

Also, a capsized boat can still make a great flotation device, so if possible, you could climb back up onto it.  This is especially true if your yacht is a catamaran as it won’t be as difficult to climb back onto, and you won’t have to worry about it righting itself while you’re on top of it.

Being on top of the boat reduces your exposure to the water and any marine life that may wish to do you harm.  Depending on where you’ve capsized, there may be a genuine threat of a shark attack.  If one of the passengers has become injured and is bleeding, this will only increase the chances.

If it’s safe to do so, collect any supplies that you might need.

Water bottles, flares, and extra life jackets could become extremely helpful in an emergency situation.

In fact, the Coast Guard recommends that you tie any extra supplies to the boat as it creates a larger target for rescue crews to see.  You won’t be able to swim back to shore so your best hope will be that someone is able to find and rescue you.

Will The Yacht Sink Completely?

It is rare for a boat to sink completely, but it is certainly possible.

In most cases, this happens for one of two reasons:

• Hull breaches
• The boat filling up with water.   

Sometimes the boat filling up with water is known as the boat swamping.

A boat can fill up with water because its hull was breached, or it could happen for other reasons. 

For example, a capsized monohull could continue to take on the water until it eventually sinks.

Common Reasons For Hull Breaches

A hull breach is when the hull is physically damaged and a hole or large crack opens up in the hull.

This can happen during collisions with:

• Other boats,
• Large rocks,
• Or The ground itself. 

Basically, any obstruction that is large enough and hard enough to damage the boat’s hull can cause a hull breach.

When a hull breach does occur, it can cause the boat to take on water.

In some cases, the water incursion will be slow enough that the bilge pump can pump the water out, and the hull might be stable enough that the boat does not sink.

In other cases, the hull breach could be so large that even a large boat can sink.

The Titanic is a classic example of this. This ship was large enough that 4 forward compartments could have flooded without the boat sinking.  Unfortunately, six forward compartments were flooded, and 2 hours and 40 minutes after the Titanic was hit, it sunk into the water.

How To Avoid Boat Swamping

A boat can be swamped for all sorts of reasons.

One reason that some boat swamp is because the boat owner has taken the drain plug out.

A small trailerable yacht could have a drain plug and the boat could end up filling up with water shortly after it leaves the boat ramp.

Another reason could be that the bilge pump has failed, and the yacht is under the stress of a heavy storm bringing with it a lot of water in the form of waves and heavy rain.  Send enough sea water into a yacht and it will eventually begin to swamp.

In this case, it is recommended that the yacht crew close all hatches so that water cannot get below the deck.  This way, the water brought onto the boat by large waves will simply roll off the deck.

A boat could also swamp if the transom were to come off.  In this case, water would come in through the stern and could certainly swamp the boat.

Swamped boats won’t always sink.

If the boat has flotation built into it, it should be able to stay afloat.  However, larger boats are not built to survive a swamping so it is entirely possible that they will eventually sink.

What to Do If Your Boat is Sinking?

The first step you’ll want to take is to make sure you have your life jacket on.

Once you hit the water, it will become difficult to get it on, and you may not even be able to find one at that point.

Immediately following this, you’ll want to put out a distress call.

Hopefully, there will be other boats in the area that can rescue you before your boat actually sinks.

After this, you may want to see if you can stop your boat from sinking.  If there is a hull breach, you may be able to plug it.  A broken bilge pump may be able to be repaired, or water might be pumped out manually.

If this isn’t possible, you might want to try to get the boat to an area where it will not completely sink.  For example, if your hull was breached because of shallow water, you could leave the boat in the shallow area and stay on it until help arrived.

Once it is apparent that the boat will sink, you may want to grab as many supplies from the boat as you can.  Just don’t risk going beneath the deck to do so or you may get stuck there.

You also need to be aware of horn signals. Here’s a great guide to horn signals for boats , so you know exactly what to do.

Final Thoughts

The chances of a yacht sinking or capsizing are very low.

You can lower these chances even further by avoiding bad weather and other dangerous situations.

If you do happen to capsize or sink, take the appropriate steps and you should be able to survive until help arrives.

Click to share...

Your subscription is almost coming to an end. Don’t miss out on the great content on Nation.Africa

Ready to continue your informative journey with us?

Your premium access has ended, but the best of Nation.Africa is still within reach. Renew now to unlock exclusive stories and in-depth features.

Reclaim your full access. Click below to renew.

Subscribe for a month to get full access

Six feared dead in Lake Victoria boat capsize; one body recovered

By  Beldina Nyakeke

Mwandishi wa Habari

What you need to know:

• The boat was carrying 16 people at the time of the accident. Of those on board, nine were rescued alive, one body was recovered, and six are still unaccounted for.

Bunda . Six people are feared dead, and one body has been recovered following a boat capsizing in Lake Victoria.

The incident occurred on Sunday, September 15, 2024, as the boat was traveling from Mwiruruma Village to Bulomba hamlet in Igundu Village.

A resident of Igundu Village, Mapambano Kasala, told The Citizen ’s sister paper, Mwananchi that the accident happened around 7 p.m. The boat, which was overloaded with more than 20 passengers, sank during the return journey from a wedding celebration.

Swimming exercise turns tragic as six pupils die in mud

“One body was recovered yesterday, entangled in anchor nets. While some were rescued alive, more than six people remain missing,” Kasala said.

He explained that the group was returning from festivities on the bride’s side and was en route to preparations for the groom’s side, which was scheduled for today.

Bunda District Commissioner Dr Vicent Naano confirmed the tragedy and reported that he was en route to the scene.

According to Dr Naano, the boat was carrying 16 people at the time of the accident. Of those on board, nine were rescued alive, one body was recovered, and six are still unaccounted for.

“The search for the missing six individuals is ongoing. We have recovered one body so far and rescued nine people. I am on my way to the scene to oversee the situation,” Dr Naano stated.

In the headlines

Tanzania confirms participation of Ngorongoro voters in upcoming civic polls

This announcement was made by the Minister of State in the President’s Office [Regional Administration and Local Government Authorities], Mohamed Mchengerwa, during a press briefing in Arusha on...

The mystique of a 'speaking stone’ in Tanzania’s Iringa Municipality

This stone has captivated the imaginations of locals and visitors alike, not only for its physical presence but for its deep roots in the historical and spiritual narrative of the Wahehe tribe

Tanzania’s Mahenge Graphite Project secures $179 million financing boost

Tanzania’s CRDB Bank Plc, the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) and the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC) have signed a facility agreement of $179 million (about Sh488 billion) as...

• COVID-19 Full Coverage
• Cover Stories
• Ulat Filipino
• Special Reports
• Personal Finance
• Other sports
• Pinoy Achievers
• Immigration Guide
• Science and Research
• Technology, Gadgets and Gaming
• Chika Minute
• Showbiz Abroad
• Family and Relationships
• Art and Culture
• Health and Wellness
• Shopping and Fashion
• Hobbies and Activities
• News Hardcore
• Walang Pasok
• Transportation
• Missing Persons
• Community Bulletin Board
• GMA Public Affairs
• State of the Nation
• Unang Balita
• Balitanghali
• News TV Live

16 missing after boat capsizes off Palanan, Isabela

Sixteen people, including the captain, have been reported missing after a boat capsized in the waters off Palanan, Isabela.

In a 24 Oras report, a video showed that part of the boat can still be seen above water. The search and rescue operations of the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) along with the police and some volunteers are ongoing.

According to the investigation, the owner of the boat reported to the PCG that he lost contact with the captain on September 3.

At the time, the boat had set off for the Pacific fishing grounds from Infanta, Quezon.

Authorities advised the crew to take shelter due to the threat of Typhoon Enteng.

But as the boat headed towards the sheltering area, the communication was cut off.  — Mariel Celine Serquiña/BM, GMA Integrated News